Concerns about hunting wolves.

<p>Respondents were asked to rank the importance of the following concerns associated with hunting wolves in Michigan, March 2013. Principal component analysis of concerns was conducted and concerns were assigned to the factor in which they load highest and ≧0.45.</p><p>Concerns about hunting wolves.</p

Principal components analysis revealed 12 concerns loaded significantly (≥0.45) on three factors (KMO = 0.821, Barlett's X² = 662.394, df = 66, p<0.01), explaining 50.7% of total variance.

<p>Factor 1 explained 26.8% of variance and consisted of 8 concerns. Factor 2 explained 13.6% of variance and consisted of 3 concerns. Concerns about changes to pack behavior made up Factor 3, which explained 10.3% of variance.</p

Eight threats to environmental security in Torotorofotsy, Madagascar in May 2014 (n = 88).

<p>Eight threats to environmental security in Torotorofotsy, Madagascar in May 2014 (n = 88).</p

Local perceptions of illegal biodiversity exploitation rates.

<p>Error bars denote standard error. All activities are illegal under the rule of law in Madagascar.</p

Map of Torotorofotsy Protected Area, our study site within east central Madagascar.

<p>Points denote 11 villages visited for interviews. Participants from two villages (Andasitsimanga and Menalamba Analakely) were interviewed in Menalamba village. Menalamba, denoted by a single point on the map, encompasses four smaller subvillages of a larger jurisdictional village that were visited on separate days.</p

Descriptive statistics based on interviews (n = 88) with Torotorofotsy, Madagascar residents, May 2014.

<p>Descriptive statistics based on interviews (n = 88) with Torotorofotsy, Madagascar residents, May 2014.</p

Landowner and Practitioner Perspectives on Private Land Conservation Programs

<p>Efforts to reverse declines in native grasslands benefit from agricultural policies that encourage private land conservation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) improved conservation across landscapes but enrollment has declined. We used sequential exploratory mixed methods to compare landowner and conservation practitioners’ perceptions, evaluate perceived benefits, and identify potential improvements to CRP. Focus groups of practitioners informed a quantitative survey of landowners who had properties >160 total acres in Nebraska. Results suggest potential misalignment in perceptions between practitioners and landowners. Practitioners were concerned that conservation, especially of wildlife, was secondary to profit. But the majority of landowners valued CRP-related ecosystem services, including native pollinators. Practitioners posited that younger landowners were primarily profit motivated, but CRP enrollment did not differ by demographics. Practitioners and landowners identified rule complexity as a major challenge and practitioner–landowner relationships as critical to success. Findings suggest that practitioners may underestimate non-economic motivations and illuminate opportunities to encourage private land conservation.</p