26 research outputs found
Elevated 8-isoprostane levels in basal cell carcinoma and in UVA irradiated skin.
Isoprostanes are prostaglandin isomers produced from the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids from the cellular membrane. They have been used as a specific index of cellular lipoperoxidation and as an indirect measure of oxidative stress. However, these molecules also present several biological activities. An oxidative environment measured as the presence of other indirect measurements of reactive oxygen species lipoperoxidation has recently been described in basal cell carcinoma, the most frequent type of non-melanoma skin cancer. This study aims to measure the levels of 8-isoprostaglandin F2α, an isoprostane widely studied in other models as a by-product of ROS-induced lipid peroxidation, in basal cell carcinoma and in UVA irradiated healthy skin. We found that 8-iso-PGF2α is present in higher levels in BCC specimens compared to healthy non sun-exposed skin, confirming previous studies on the production of lipoperoxidation in this tumor. Moreover, we demonstrated that topical pre-treatment with a compound containing vitamin E is capable of reducing 8-iso-PGF2α formation in UV irradiated skin suggesting a role for isoprostanes in UV induced inflammation and eventually carcinogenesis and confirming the function of vitamin E as an antioxidant in this model
Prognostic aspects in the treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review
To systematically review and discuss the published data about treatments and outcomes for children and adolescents affected by nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In April 2015, an appropriate string was run on PubMed to retrieve all relevant articles. A cross-check was performed by two of the authors on abstracts and full-text articles found using the selected inclusion and exclusion criteria. A meta-analysis concerning the rate of reported disease-free survival and overall survival was performed. Fifteen studies were identified comprising a total of 865 subjects affected by nasopharyngeal carcinoma. According to the American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging system, the majority of tumors were classified as Stage IV (57.3 %). All included patients underwent radiotherapy, while 687 (79.4 %) received also some regimen of chemotherapy. On the basis of our statistical analysis, the mean (95 % CI) rate of disease-free survival was 66 % (95 % CI 56-76). The mean (95 % CI) rate of the overall survival resulted 68 % (95 % CI 58-78). On the basis of our analysis, it may be affirmed that the prognosis of juvenile nasopharyngeal carcinoma is still unsatisfactory. New reports on homogeneous populations are needed to better define the most influencing prognostic factors and to evaluate the introduction of possible alternative therapeutic protocols
Domain Inverted Acousto- and Electrooptic Devices and Their Application to Optical Communication, Sensing, Laser Sources, and Quantum Key Distribution
Orbital wall decompression in the management of Graves' orbitopathy: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Purpose To systematically review outcomes of orbital bony wall decompression for Grave's orbitopathy according to the surgical approach. Methods A systematic search for studies published in "Ovid MEDLINE", "Web of Science" and "Embase" of patients with surgical treatment of Grave's orbitopathy was performed. The overall postoperative change in Hertel exophthalmometry was calculated by random-effect meta-analysis model with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 33 studies, including 1686 patients and 2946 procedures, were included. The weighted mean Hertel value overall reduction was - 4.56 mm (95% CI - 5.05 to - 4.07 mm). According to surgical techniques the reduction was - 4.36 mm (95% CI - 5.22 to - 3.50) for infero-medial technique, - 4.88 mm (- 5.68 to - 4.08) for medial-lateral technique, - 4.32 mm (- 4.80to - 3.84) for lateral technique, - 5.45 mm (- 6.16 to - 4.74) for three-wall technique and - 3.47 mm (- 5.81 to - 1.12) for medial technique. The overall rate of new-onset of primary gaze diplopia was reported in 23 studies. The included procedures were 653 and results were heterogeneous (heterogeneity: Q = 78.8 df = 22, I2 = 72.09%, p < 0.01). The pooled proportion (95% CI) rate of new-onset of primary gaze diplopia was 12% (7-16). Conclusion Our metanalysis highlights that orbital bony wall decompression represents an effective surgical procedure. The three wall approach was associated with the best results in terms of exophthalmos reduction. Data suggest that an exclusive lateral approach may help to avoid the new-onset of primary gaze diplopia during the postoperative period
Surgical Management of Endolymphatic Sac Tumor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
: The aim of our study was to report rates of facial nerve palsy and residual tumor following surgical intervention and subsequent tumor recurrence in patients with endolymphatic sac tumors. A systematic literature review of preoperative assessment and surgical management is also included. Studies including patient/s affected by sporadic or von Hippel-Lindau disease related endolymphatic sac tumors, reporting levels of facial nerve function, residual and recurrence pathology following a surgical procedure, were considered. Data were combined for proportional meta-analysis, and the selected studies' methodological quality was also evaluated. Overall 34 papers, including 202 subjects (209 cases of endolymphatic sac tumors) were analyzed. Pooled proportion rate (95% CI) of overall facial nerve palsy was 39.7% (28.2-51.9) and residual tumor was 16.5% (10.3-23.7) after surgical procedure. Pooled proportion rate (95% CI) of tumor recurrence was 14.0% (9.7-19.3) during a mean follow-up period of 49.7 months (8-136). Our results showed that preoperative facial nerve function is impaired in almost 30% of patients with endolymphatic sac tumors. Surgical management of endolymphatic sac tumor may cause a worsening of facial nerve function in a low percentage of treated subjects. Residual and/or recurrence of endolymphatic sac tumors are not rare events, and follow-up strategies should be designed accordingly
Diabetes Mellitus and Hearing Loss: A Complex Relationship
Background and Objectives: Discussion is open about the relationship between diabetes (DM) and hearing loss (HL). There is a lot of evidence in the literature suggesting a causal link between these conditions, beyond being considered simple comorbidities. The difficulty in identifying populations free from confounding factors makes it difficult to reach definitive conclusions on the pathophysiological mechanisms at play. Nonetheless, there is numerous evidence that demonstrates how the population affected by DM is more affected by sensorineural HL (SNHL) and exhibit a higher prevalence of idiopathic sudden sensorineural HL (ISSNHL). Materials and Methods: Articles reporting potentially relevant information were reviewed, and the most significant results are discussed in this article. Starting from the possible mechanisms relating to auditory impairment in the diabetic condition, this article summarizes the studies on auditory evaluation in subjects with DM1 and DM2 and addresses the relationship between DM and ISSNHL. Results: DM is considered a risk factor for SNHL, although some studies have reported no relationship when the associations were adjusted for age, gender, and hypertension. Macro and microvascular insults that cause decreased blood flow, oxygen exchange, and ion transport are major complications of hypertension and DM and can have a direct effect on the sensory and support cells of the cochlea. Conclusions: Given the difficulty of carrying out studies on populations without confounding factors, new laboratory studies are strongly required to clarify which specific physiopathological mechanisms underlie the diabetic damage caused to the hearing organs and how pharmacological management may contribute to counteracting the pathophysiological effects of the diabetic condition on the auditory system
The prognostic value of anterior commissure involvement in T1 glottic cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
The anterior commissure is considered a laryngeal subsite, but it is not taken into account in the current T-staging system. The impact of anterior commissure involvement (ACI) on the oncologic outcomes of T1 glottic tumors has not been well defined and remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of ACI in the prognosis of T1 glottic tumors
Skeletal Muscle Depletion and Major Postoperative Complications in Locally-Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: A Comparison between Ultrasound of Rectus Femoris Muscle and Neck Cross-Sectional Imaging
Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) depletion has been validated in many surgical fields as independent predictor of complications through cross-sectional imaging. We evaluated SMM depletion in a stage III-IV head and neck cancer cohort, comparing the accuracy of CT/MRI at C3 level with ultrasound (US) of rectus femoris muscle (RF) in terms of prediction of major complications. Patients submitted to surgery were recruited from 2016 to 2021. SMM was estimated on CT/MRI by calculating the sum of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the sternocleidomastoid and paravertebral muscles at C3 level and its height-indexed value (cervical skeletal muscle index, CSMI) and on US by computing the CSA of RF. Specific thresholds were defined for both US and CT/MRI according to ROC curve in terms of best prediction of 30-day major complications to detect sarcopenic subjects (40–53%). Sixty-five patients completed the study. At univariate analysis, major complications were associated to lower RF CSA, lower CSA at C3 level and lower CSMI, together with previous radiotherapy, higher ASA score and higher modified frailty index (mFI). At multivariate analysis RF CSA (OR 7.07, p = 0.004), CSA at C3 level (OR 6.74, p = 0.005) and CSMI (OR 4.02, p = 0.025) were confirmed as independent predictors in three different models including radiotherapy, ASA score and mFI. This analysis proved the value of SMM depletion as predictor of major complications in a head and neck cancer cohort, either defined on cross-sectional imaging at C3 or on US of RF
MicroRNA-34c-5p is related to recurrence in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Altered microRNA expression has been found in many cancer types, including laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). We investigated the association of LSCC-related miR-34c-5p with disease-free survival and overall survival