Metal Parts Generation by Three Dimensional Printing

Mechanical Engineerin

Adenovirus infection in pediatric liver transplant recipients

A retrospective review of adenoviral infection in pediatric liver transplant recipients was done at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh to define its epidemiology and clinical importance. Medical records of patients with adenovirus were reviewed and data collected regarding clinical course, microbiologic studies, biopsy results, immunosuppression, concurrent infections, and outcome. Of 484 liver transplant recipients, 49 had 53 episodes of adenoviral infection. The most common sites of adenoviral infection were the liver, lung, and gastrointestinal tract. Serotypes 1, 2, and 5 were recovered most often; type 5 was commonly associated with hepatitis. Invasive adenoviral infection occurred in 20 children, leading to death in 9. Median time from transplantation until isolation of adenovirus was 25.5 days. This timing suggests either reactivation or donor-associated transmission. Prospective studies using molecular epidemiologic techniques will be helpful in evaluating transmission patterns of adenovirus in this population. © 1992 Oxford University Press

Parvovirus B19 infection in pediatric transplant patients

Evidence of recent parvovirus virus infection (as determined by the presence of a positive IgM antibody titer) without other identified causes of anemia was found in 5 of 26 pediatric solid-organ transplant recipients evaluated for moderate-to-severe anemia between June 1990 and July 1991. Anemia tended to be chronic (median duration of anemia at the time of diagnosis was 12 weeks) and was associated with normal red blood cell indices in the absence of reticulocytes. The median age of the children at the time of presentation with anemia due to parvovirus was 1.8 years at a median time of 8 months after transplantation. Four of the 5 children were treated with i.v. immunoglobulin because of persistance of anemia requiring blood transfusions. A response characterized by an increase in reticulocyte count and normalization of hemoglobin was seen in each of these patients 2-4 weeks after treatment. The remaining patient experienced a spontaneous recovery from her anemia. Parvovirus infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of solid-organ transplant recipients presenting with severe anemia associated with low or absent reticulocytes

Just-Right Government: Interstate Compacts and Multistate Governance in an Era of Political Polarization, Policy Paralysis, and Bad-Faith Partisanship

Those committed to addressing the political, economic, and moral crises of the day— voting rights, racial justice, reproductive autonomy, gaping inequality, LGBTQ rights, and public health and safety—don’t know where to turn. Federal legislative and regulatory pathways are choked off by senators quick to filibuster and by judges eager to strike down agency rules and orders. State pathways, in turn, are compromised by limited capacity, collective action problems, externalities, scant economies of scale, and—in many jurisdictions—a toxic political culture hostile to even the most anodyne government interventions. Recognizing the limited options available on a binary (that is, federal or state) governance roadmap, this Article prescribes charting a third pathway: interstate agreements and compacts. Such arrangements—largely unnecessary when Washington is not pathologically dysfunctional—have a long and venerable constitutional pedigree and provide a legally sound and politically expedient “just-right” solution. Grouping clusters of states along the Pacific Ocean, the Amtrak Corridor, and the Upper Midwest, we propose and briefly sketch four major compacts as cornerstones of a Blue New Deal. Beyond detailing the four strategic interventions designed principally to work around the instant federal and state roadblocks (and recognizing similar opportunities for purple and, possibly, red states, too), this Article makes the affirmative, normative case for interstate agreements and compacts playing a long term, regular, and prominent role in twenty-first-century American governance—a case that sounds in democratic theory, administrative law, and political economy