279 research outputs found
ΠΠ½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π―ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠ½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π―ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π½ΡΠ°Π²Π°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π―ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ X-XIIIΠ²Π². ΠΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΉΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΈ. ΠΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅. Π Π°ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Ρ
Cost-effectiveness of bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent HPV vaccination in South Africa
Background and Objectives: In South Africa, the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and associated diseases, such as cervical cancer and genital warts, is among the highest in the world. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent HPV vaccination for 9- to 14-year-old girls from the South African healthcare system perspective. Methods: A Markov model portraying the natural HPV disease progression from high-risk infection to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)Β I, CINΒ II/III, or cervical cancer and from low-risk infection to genital warts was built. Transition probability, utility, and efficacy data were sourced from peer-reviewed literature. Vaccination costs were calculated based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The model was populated with a cohort of 520,000 9-year-old girls to calculate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) in South African Rand (R) per quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained for each vaccination strategy. Results: All HPV vaccination strategies dominate the no vaccine strategy. Compared with the bivalent vaccine, the nonavalent strategy increases QALYs by 0.14 and costs by R1793 (ICER: R13,013 per QALY) per person, while the quadrivalent vaccination provides β0.02 incremental QALYs and R1748 costs (ICER: βR116,397 per QALY). Consequently, at the South African willingness-to-pay threshold of R23,630 per QALY, nonavalent vaccination is the preferred strategy, with a probability of 90.2%. Scenario analysis demonstrated that results are influenced by vaccine coverage, efficacy, and duration of efficacy. Conclusions: The introduction of nonavalent for bivalent HPV vaccination is a cost-effective intervention in South Africa. HPV vaccination should be part of a multifaceted public health strategy entailing screening, condoms, and education of all stakeholders to reduce the significant burden of sexual transmitted diseases in South Africa. Sex-neutral and catch-up vaccinations are subjects for further research
Initial and supplementary indication approval of new targeted cancer drugs by the FDA, EMA, HealthΒ Canada, and TGA
Background. Previous research focused on the clinical evidence supporting new cancer drugsβ initial US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. However, targeted drugs are increasingly approved forΒ supplementary indications of unknown evidence and benefit. Objectives. To examine the clinical trial evidence supporting new targeted cancer drugsβ initial and supplementary indication approval in the US, EU, Canada, and Australia. Data and Methods. 25 cancer drugs across 100 indications were identified with FDA approval between 2009β2019. Data on regulatory approval and clinical trials were extracted from the FDA, European Medicines Agency (EMA), Health Canada (HC), Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), and clinicaltrials.gov. Regional variations were compared with Ο 2-tests. Multivariate logistic regressions compared characteristics of initial and supplementary indication approvals, reporting adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results. Out of 100 considered cancer indications, the FDA approved 96, the EMA 92, HC 86, and the TGA 83 (83%, p < 0.05). The FDA more frequently granted priority review, conditional approval, and orphan designations than other agencies. Initial approvals were more likely to receive conditional / accelerated approval (AOR: 2.69, 95%CI [1.07β6.77], p < 0.05), an orphan designation (AOR: 3.32, 95%CI [1.38β8.00], p <Β 0.01), be under priority review (AOR: 2.60, 95%CI [1.17β5.78], p < 0.05), and be monotherapies (AOR: 5.91, 95%CI [1.14β30.65], p < 0.05) than supplementaryΒ indications. Initial indicationsβ pivotal trials tended to be shorter (AOR per month: 0.96, 95%CI [0.93β0.99], p < 0.05), of lower phase design (AOR per clinical phase: 0.28, 95%CI [0.09β0.85], p < 0.05), and enroll more patients (AOR per 100 patients: 1.19, 95%CI [1.01β1.39], p <Β 0.05). Conclusions. Targeted cancer drugs are increasingly approved for multiple indications of varying clinical benefit. Drugs are first approved as monotherapies in rare diseases with a high unmet need. Whilst expedited regulatory review incentivizes this prioritization, indication-specific safety, efficacy, and pricing policies are necessary to reflect each indicationβs differential clinical and economic value
The role of idioms in English language learning
The most widely used English idioms are considered in the present paper, their role in English language learning is analyzed as well. The significance of idioms in the modern English language is impossible to underestimate since they make a colloquial speech lively and rich. And, without doubt, idioms are actually used by native speakers in their everyday language. Consequently, it is necessary to pay a particular attention to these lexical units studying a foreign language. Furthermore, some ways of learning idioms individually as well as by means of various communicative types of activity under the guidance of a teacher are also considered in the research. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΌΡ Π² Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ
ΠΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ 6.060101 ΠΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎ
ΠΠΎΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΡ Π·
Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈ Β«ΠΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Β» Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ
6.060101 ΠΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎ.
Π£ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ
Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Ρ Π³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Ρ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
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ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½Π½Ρ
Π·Π°Π²Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΊ ΡΠ· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ
Medical education and mental health during COVID-19: a survey across 9 countries
Objectives: To investigate students' experience with medical education alongside their mental and physical health since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic across nine countries. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was distributed by local collaborators to 2,280 medical students across 148 medical schools in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Spain, and Venezuela using non-probability convenience sampling from June 22 to July 24, 2020. Students answered questions regarding teaching, internet use, COVID-19, physical and mental well-being. A multivariate logistic regression examined factors associated with depressed mood, insomnia, and headache. Results: Academic teaching shifted to a virtual (67%, n=1,534) or hybrid environment (23%, n=531), whilst bedside teaching was suspended or cancelled (93%, n=2,120). Across all countries students were equally satisfied with the teaching modality, quantity, quality, and the evaluation system of in-person, hybrid, and online curricula. Negative changes in mental (40% (n=912) insomnia, 57% (n=1,300) emotional irritability, 47% (n=1,072) emotional instability, 41% (n=935) anhedonia, 40% (n=912) depressed mood) and physical (36% (n=821) headache, 57% (n=1,299) ocular tiredness, 49% (n=1,117) backache) health symptoms were frequently observed. Positive associations between the number of daily screen hours and depressed mood (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.09, 95%CI: 1.05-1.12, p<.001), insomnia (AOR=1.08, 95%CI: 1.05-1.11, p<.001), and headache (AOR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.07-1.14, p<.001) were identified. Conclusions: Students' experience with digital and hybrid medical curricula was diverse during the pandemic. Education modality, quantity, and quality were positively evaluated. However, students' mental and physical health worsened. Besides bedside teaching, faculties ought to digitalize and strengthen social communities and extend support services for students
ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ, ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ WTW
Assessment of mercury load parameters of solid snow precipitation in Omsk area according to the atmogeochemical survey
Pilot Programs for Veterans Transition To Engineering Fields
Veterans, through their active service, frequently receive training in highly skilled technical areas. However, they may lack a theoretical background in underlying engineering principles. They also need additional support with the transition from a highly structured military environment to an environment with more ambiguous time constraints and different sorts of responsibilities. Moreover they are facing challenges which are specific for their student population. Therefore, enabling multiple mechanisms which would support them and provide them necessary guidance are especially important at universities with large veteran populations such as at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. Hence, there is a need for programs which build on the specialized training that veterans received and aid in their academic journey. This paper will introduce three pilot programs for advancing engineering education for military veterans focusing on forming a support base for veterans to assist them in overcoming traditional educational barriers
Intravenous fish oil blunts the physiological response to endotoxin in healthy subjects
Objective: To assess the effects of intravenous fish oil fat emulsion on the metabolic alterations induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in healthy volunteers. Design: Two groups of eight healthy subjects were randomized to receive either two pharmacological doses of intravenous FO fat emulsion or no treatment. The FO group received twice 0.5β―g/kg 10% emulsion (Omegaven) 48 and 24β―h before investigation. LPS (2β―ng/kg) was injected as abolus on the investigation day. Systemic parameters, indirect calorimetry, heart rate variability, and platelet membrane phospholipid composition were measured. Results: Basal EPA and DHA content in platelet phospholipids was low (0.28% and 2.54%, respectively) and increased significantly after FO to 1.68% and 3.32%. LPS induced reproducible effects in all subjects. Fever was higher in the FO group than in controls; the difference was significant from t 120 until t 360. FO blunted the neuroendocrine response: the rise in plasma norepinephrine was sevenfold lower at t 120 while the ACTH peak was fourfold lower. Tumor necrosis factor Ξ± was significantly lower between t 360 and t 180 in the FO group. Conclusions: Two doses of intravenous FO fat emulsion modified the phospholipid composition of platelets in healthy subjects. FO blunted fever and increased the neuroendocrine and the inflammatory responses to LP
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