Race and Policing: An Agenda for Action

This paper is organized into two parts -- Strategic Voice and Tactical Agency. Strategic Voice argues that problems of race in policing cannot be resolved by the police alone. Other people must help by understanding and ameliorating the social conditions that cause race to be associated with crime and hence become a dilemma for American policing. Rather than accepting these conditions as givens, police leaders with their powerful collective voice should actively call attention to what needs to be changed. Tactical Agency outlines what the police can do on their own initiative to deal with the operational dilemmas of race -- in the communities they serve and in their own organizations

To the Promised Land: A Century of Wandering and a Final Homeland for the Due Process and Taking Clauses

The fifth amendment imposes two constraints on the federal government\u27s authority to interfere with private property rights. First, it prohibits the deprivation of property without due process of law. Second, it bars the taking of private property for public use without just compensation. The fourteenth amendment explicitly imposes only the former constraint on the states. Since the late nineteenth century, however, the Supreme Court has interpreted the fourteenth amendment\u27s due process clause to incorporate and make applicable to the states the fifth amendment\u27s taking constraint. This article aims to briefly review the separate natures of deprivations and takings as reflected in court opinions, describes three models of relating the two clauses, traces each model through jurisprudential eras, and recommends a final choice among the models to serve as a constitutional predicate for future fourteenth amendment issues

Premarital Counseling and Divorce

The concern over divorce in America has become more and more prominent in recent years. It is estimated that divorce costs society billions of dollars each year, in addition to the social costs it exacts on children and adults alike, such costs include a variety of public health problems including (but not limited to) suicide, teen pregnancy, and substance abuse. This study reviews the relevant literature about marriage and divorce in the United States and presents research in the area of premarital counseling. Five couples were surveyed to obtain their opinions about premarital counseling and methodologies in divorce prevention. The interviews, correlated with research studies described in the literature review, support the viability of premarital counseling as a strategy for marital enhancement and divorce prevention

Pressures and Preferences Affecting Willingness to Apply Beef Manure on Crops in the Colorado High Plains

Little is known about producers' willingness to use manure. Past studies have focused on substitutability for fertilizers. We surveyed crop producers in a cattle-dense region of the Colorado Plains about whether and why they apply manure, focusing on how pressures (like owning cattle) or preferences (pro and con) affect their adoption. Using logistic regression, findings show that pressure and preference (PS/PF) significantly affect adoption. A producer with high PS/PF was 10 times more likely to use manure than one with low PS/PF. Policy and decision makers can use such findings to inform education and policy aimed at increasing the land application of manure.cattle, economic benefits, economic costs, management, manure application, Crop Production/Industries,

VPI-7: The First Zincosilicate Molecular Sieve Containing Three-membered T-Atom Rings

VPI-7: the first microporous zincosilicate to contain 3-membered rings (3MR) is reported

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of neurotransmitters

The surface‐enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) of neurotransmitters in biological matrices and synthetic solutions are described. The effects of protein adsorption on cathecholamine SERS intensity are discussed. Techniques for obtaining dopamine SERS spectra in cerebrospinal fluid and rat brain dialysate are demonstrated. Preliminary SERS of histamine and tel‐methylhistamine are presented.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87497/2/707_1.pd

Quantitative trait loci for seminal root angle and number in the maize IBM population

Abstract only availableIn maize, seminal roots develop and the primary root system deteriorates as the plant matures. The seminal roots comprise the majority of the root system of the adult plant and give the plant stability against lodging. Because seminal roots are the primary means of water uptake in the adult plant, their development under drought conditions is vital. Previous research has suggested that seminal root angle and abscisic acid (ABA) level are correlated in maize. Additional research has shown that ABA levels are related to drought tolerance. This study focuses on identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affect seminal root angle and the number of seminal roots entering the soil from each node. The QTL generated for seminal root angle and number per node can then be used to evaluate the relationship with drought tolerance. A set of 94 mapping lines from the intermated B73 x Mo17 (IBM) mapping population was used to measure the angle between the seminal root and the stalk. The number of seminal roots entering the soil from the first two nodes was measured as well. Molecular markers evenly distributed throughout the genome were used to run the QTL analysis using QTL Cartographer Version 1.16. The following QTL analyses were run: seminal root angle, number of roots entering soil from the first node above ground, and number of roots entering soil from the second node. Three QTL were found for seminal root angle, two QTL for the number of roots at the first node above ground, and three QTL for the number of roots at the second node above ground. These QTL positions were then compared to previously known QTL for drought tolerance and root traits.Plant Genomics Internship @ M