The effects of financial deregulation on inflation, velocity growth, and monetary targeting

Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980 ; Monetary policy - United States ; Inflation (Finance) ; Velocity of money

Universality of the gauge-ball spectrum of the four-dimensional pure U(1) gauge theory

We continue numerical studies of the spectrum of the pure U(1) lattice gauge theory in the confinement phase, initiated in our previous work. Using the extended Wilson action $S = -\sum_P [\beta \cos(\Theta_P) + \gamma \cos(2\Theta_P)]$ we address the question of universality of the phase transition line in the ($\beta,\gamma$) plane between the confinement and the Coulomb phases. Our present results at $\gamma= -0.5$ for the gauge-ball spectrum are fully consistent with the previous results obtained at $\gamma= -0.2$. Again, two different correlation length exponents, $\nu_{ng} = 0.35(3)$ and $\nu_{g} = 0.49(7)$, are obtained in different channels. We also confirm the stability of the values of these exponents with respect to the variation of the distance from the critical point at which they are determined. These results further demonstrate universal critical behaviour of the model at least up to correlation lengths of 4 lattice spacings when the phase transition is approached in some interval at $\gamma\leq -0.2$.Comment: 16 page

3D inversion of airborne electromagnetic data

pre-printTime-domain airborne surveys gather hundreds of thousands of multichannel, multicomponent samples. The volume of data and other complications have made 1D inversions and transforms the only viable method to interpret these data, in spite of their limitations. We have developed a practical methodology to perform full 3D inversions of entire time- or frequency-domain airborne electromagnetic (AEM) surveys. Our methodology is based on the concept of a moving footprint that reduces the computation requirements by several orders of magnitude. The 3D AEM responses and sensitivities are computed using a frequency-domain total field integral equation technique. For time-domain AEM responses and sensitivities, the frequency-domain responses and sensitivities are transformed to the time domain via a cosine transform and convolution with the system waveform. We demonstrate the efficiency of our methodology with a model study relevant to the Abitibi greenstone belt and a case study from the Reid-Mahaffy test site in Ontario, Canada, which provided an excellent practical opportunity to compare 3D inversions for different AEM systems. In particular, we compared 3D inversions of VTEM-35 (time-domain helicopter), MEGATEM II (time-domain fixed-wing), and DIGHEM (frequency-domain helicopter) data. Our comparison showed that each system is able to image the conductive overburden and to varying degrees, detect and delineate the bedrock conductors, and, as expected, that the DIGHEM system best resolved the conductive overburden, whereas the time-domain systems most clearly delineated the bedrock conductors. Our comparisons of the helicopter and fixed-wing time-domain systems revealed that the often-cited disadvantages of a fixed-wing system (i.e., response asymmetry) are not inherent in the system, but rather reflect a limitation of the 1D interpretation methods used to date

Regulatory activity revealed by dynamic correlations in gene expression noise

Gene regulatory interactions are context dependent, active in some cellular states but not in others. Stochastic fluctuations, or 'noise', in gene expression propagate through active, but not inactive, regulatory links^(1,2). Thus, correlations in gene expression noise could provide a noninvasive means to probe the activity states of regulatory links. However, global, 'extrinsic', noise sources generate correlations even without direct regulatory links. Here we show that single-cell time-lapse microscopy, by revealing time lags due to regulation, can discriminate between active regulatory connections and extrinsic noise. We demonstrate this principle mathematically, using stochastic modeling, and experimentally, using simple synthetic gene circuits. We then use this approach to analyze dynamic noise correlations in the galactose metabolism genes of Escherichia coli. We find that the CRP-GalS-GalE feed-forward loop is inactive in standard conditions but can become active in a GalR mutant. These results show how noise can help analyze the context dependence of regulatory interactions in endogenous gene circuits

CTIX Message System User\u27s Manual Version 1.0

This manual describes how to use the CTIX Message System for interprocess communication in a distributed application program. The CTIX Message System is a package of message-passing facilities developed by the Concurrent Systems Group of the Department of Computer Science at Washington University, It provides a process-to-process asynchronous, buffered communication medium. The package is implemented on a network of Convergent Technologies (CT) MiniFrame workstations. These workstations support the CTIX (the Ct\u27s version of UNIX System V) operating system and the TCP/IP network protocols

DNA-Protein Binding Rates: Bending Fluctuation and Hydrodynamic Coupling Effects

We investigate diffusion-limited reactions between a diffusing particle and a target site on a semiflexible polymer, a key factor determining the kinetics of DNA-protein binding and polymerization of cytoskeletal filaments. Our theory focuses on two competing effects: polymer shape fluctuations, which speed up association, and the hydrodynamic coupling between the diffusing particle and the chain, which slows down association. Polymer bending fluctuations are described using a mean field dynamical theory, while the hydrodynamic coupling between polymer and particle is incorporated through a simple heuristic approximation. Both of these we validate through comparison with Brownian dynamics simulations. Neither of the effects has been fully considered before in the biophysical context, and we show they are necessary to form accurate estimates of reaction processes. The association rate depends on the stiffness of the polymer and the particle size, exhibiting a maximum for intermediate persistence length and a minimum for intermediate particle radius. In the parameter range relevant to DNA-protein binding, the rate increase is up to 100% compared to the Smoluchowski result for simple center-of-mass motion. The quantitative predictions made by the theory can be tested experimentally.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures, 1 tabl

Gaps between Jets in the High Energy Limit

We use perturbative QCD to calculate the parton level cross section for the production of two jets that are far apart in rapidity, subject to a limitation on the total transverse momentum Q0 in the interjet region. We specifically address the question of how to combine the approach which sums all leading logarithms in Q/Q0 (where Q is the jet transverse momentum) with the BFKL approach, in which leading logarithms of the scattering energy are summed. This paper constitutes progress towards the simultaneous summation of all important logarithms. Using an "all orders" matching, we are able to obtain results for the cross section which correctly reproduce the two approaches in the appropriate limits.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figures, minor corrections to text and improved figure

Competition Between Auctions

Even though auctions are capturing an increasing share of commerce, they are typically treated in the theoretical economics literature as isolated. That is, an auction is typically treated as a single seller facing multiple buyers or as a single buyer facing multiple sellers. In this paper, we review the state of the art of competition between auctions. We consider three different types of competition: competition between auctions, competition between formats, and competition between auctioneers vying for auction traffic. We highlight the newest experimental, statistical and analytical methods in the analysis of competition between auctions.auctions, bidding, competition, auction formats, auction houses

Experimental Feedback Control of Flow Induced Cavity Tones

Discrete-time, linear quadratic methods were used to design feedback controllers for reducing tones generated by flow over a cavity. The dynamics of a synthetic jet actuator mounted at the leading edge of the cavity as observed by two microphones in the cavity were modeled over a broad frequency range using state space models computed from experimental data. Variations in closed loop performance as a function of model order, control order, control bandwidth, and state estimator design were studied using a cavity in the Probe Calibration Tunnel at NASA Langley. The controller successfully reduced the levels of multiple cavity tones at the tested flow speeds of Mach 0.275, 0.35, and 0.45. In some cases, the closed loop results were limited by excitation of sidebands of the cavity tones, or the creation of new tones at frequencies away from the cavity tones. Nonetheless, the results validate the combination of optimal control and experimentally-generated state space models, and suggest this approach may be useful for other flow control problems. The models were not able to account for non-linear dynamics, such as interactions between tones at different frequencies