Backreaction in Axion Monodromy, 4-forms and the Swampland

Axion monodromy models can always be described in terms of an axion coupled to 3-form gauge fields with non-canonical kinetic terms. The presence of the saxions parametrising the kinetic metrics of the 3-form fields leads to backreaction effects in the inflationary dynamics. We review the case in which saxions backreact on the K\"ahler metric of the inflaton leading to a logarithmic scaling of the proper field distance at large field. This behaviour is universal in Type II string flux compactifications and consistent with a refinement of the Swampland Conjecture. The critical point at which this behaviour appears depends on the mass hierarchy between the inflaton and the saxions. However, in tractable compactifications, such a hierarchy cannot be realised without leaving the regime of validity of the effective theory, disfavouring transplanckian excursions in string theory.Comment: Proceedings prepared for the "Workshop on Geometry and Physics", November 2016, Ringberg Castl

L'Avenir de Luchon : journal scientifique, littéraire, annonces et réclames : guide général des baigneurs et des touristes aux eaux thermales, bains de mer de la France et de l'étranger

18 novembre 19341934/11/18 (N636)-1934/11/18.Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : MidiPyren

Additional file 2: of Discovery of the fourth mobile sulfonamide resistance gene

List of known ARGs, categorized by different families of antibiotics, identified as gene cassettes in both samples. (XLSX 20 kb

Antifungal activity in social/eusocial, communal and solitary thrips species.

<p>Slopes of fitted regressions of AdjDensity ( =  difference between treatment and control OD) on time, plotted against 6 concentrations of antifungal extract from 6 thrips species assayed against the entomopathogen <i>Cordyceps bassiana</i>. The species, their levels of organization and the number of replicates are given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0049737#pone-0049737-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. Red indicates social <i>Kladothrips arotrum</i> and <i>K. antennatus</i> and the eusocial <i>K. intermedius</i>; black indicates communal <i>Teucothrips ater</i> and blue indicates solitary <i>Haplothrips froggattii</i> and <i>H. varius.</i> Negative slopes indicate antifungal effect and magnitude indicates strength. Filled symbols indicate slopes significantly different to zero (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0049737#pone-0049737-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>).</p

Characteristics of the experimental thrips species and details of number of replicates, gall numbers and contents.

<p>Characteristics of the experimental thrips species and details of number of replicates, gall numbers and contents.</p

Results of testing the significance of the slope of fitted linear models.

*<p>N = 15.</p><p>A two-tailed t-test was applied to test the null hypothesis that a given slope was equivalent to zero. A significance level of 0.05 was used to determine if the null hypothesis could be rejected. The values are the t-value and p-value reported by the lmList function of the R package lm rounded to two decimal places. N-values represent the number of data points used in each model fit. The t-test degrees of freedom are therefore N–2.</p

Similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER).

<p>Relative abundances (%) of OTUs at the genus level that contribute to the discrimination between fungal communities in suppressive and non-suppressive soils (solid bar = suppression, hatched bar = non-suppression) in the (A) sowing and (B) in-crop (7 week) samples. Numbers in the right column indicate percent contribution to discrimination by SIMPER analysis (sum = 26.8% (A) and 31.2% (B)). * indicate significant differences between suppressive and non-suppressive fields (t-test, p<0.05). Bold taxa indicate that they are shared between the sowing and in-crop samples.</p

Pathogen abundance and disease incidence.

<p>Note: values within each column followed by the same letter are not statistically significant at P<0.05.</p><p>Amount of pathogen <i>R. solani</i> AG 8 inoculum in the surface soil at sowing and the level of disease incidence measured in 7 week old seedlings from suppressive and non-suppressive fields at Avon and Minnipa with standard errors.</p

Composition of the 20 most abundant genera.

<p>Data from (A) suppressive soils, (B) non-suppressive soils, (C) Avon soil, and (D) Minnipa soil.</p

Non-metric dimensional scaling (NMDS) based ordinations for differences among sites and treatments.

<p>Analyses generated from Bray Curtis dissimilarity plus a dummy variable (+d) on Hellinger-transformed relative abundances for all-data at 0% bootstrap (closest match) at the genus (A) and family (B) levels and the re-sampled data at the genus (C) and family (D) levels. 2D stress values were 0.17 (A), 0.18 (B), 0.18 (C), and 0.19 (D).</p