Pengaruh Kerjasama Pasiad Indonesia dengan Indonesia Dibidang Pendidikan Menengah

This study describes the effect of PASIAD Indonesia cooperation with Indonesia in the field of secondary education. PASIAD Indonesia is a non-governmental organization (NGO) engaged in educational, social, economic and cultural PASIAD Indonesia began working in secondary education in Indonesia since 1995. Until now PASIAD Indonesia has collaborated with 7 private foundations and 3 local governments to hold 10 high school.Perspective that used in this research is Pluralisme perspective. The theory used in this research is International Coorporation dan Transnational Advocacy Network ( TAN). This research used a qualitative method that is an explanatory. by using the techniques of data collection through literature and documentation, ie by collecting data from books, journals, magazines, newspapers, and other sources (document analysis).As a result, the effect of Indonesian PASIAD cooperation with Indonesia in the field of secondary education a positive impact on improving the quality of secondary education in Indonesia. Where PASIAD Indonesia Conducting scientific competition in national and international scale that encourage student creativity thinking and promote the spirit of competition to the students. besides school work partners PASIAD also always present medals to Indonesian state education can improve the image of Indonesia in the international arenaKey words : PASIAD Indonesia, non govermental organization, Transnationa Advocacy Network, secondary education

Heat maps showing the enrichment of (A) co-complex pairs or (B) yeast interactions as a function of pairwise profile similarity scores and triplet-based complementarity scores.

<p>The color intensity corresponds to the log2-enrichment of protein pairs that are part of the same complex or interact, among all protein pairs inside a pair- and triplet-based bin.</p

Distribution of the profile relationships of (A) co-complex protein pairs in the two complex data sets and (B) yeast interactions.

<p>The 4 differently colored slices correspond to the types of similarities between profiles as described in <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003124#s2" target="_blank">Methods</a>.</p

Examples of triplet profiles.

<p>Left: a protein triplet from the TOR complex, right: a triplet from emerin-related complexes. The computation of the complementarity score is explained in <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003124#pcbi-1003124-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1 B</a>.</p

Some statistics of the three interaction data sets.

<p>Some statistics of the three interaction data sets.</p

Visualization of complementarity score and illustration of triangle types.

<p>(A) Constitution of the two TOR sub-complexes TORC1 and TORC2 complex. (B) Phylogenetic profiles (as an example) of TOR and Rptor and Rictor and the formed triangle. The nodes represent proteins and the lines indicate a pairwise interaction. (C) Visualization of the complementary score and the different triangle types used throughout the study. We consider “open” and “closed” triangles and closed triangles with 2 inparalogs. The ellipses symbolize the different complexes.</p

Percentages of duplicated genes among different categories.

<p>Percentages of duplicated genes among different categories. N is the number of triangles or triplets. Column “A” gives the percentage of genes with duplications in gene A (the shared subunit), while column “B or C” gives the percentage of duplications of the other two genes. For the closed triangles and other triplets (with no direct interactions), there is no central gene A and thus all 3 genes were counted as the same category.</p

Distribution of profile-pair types among co-complex proteins and yeast interactions.

<p>The pairs are divided into the the same categories as in the pie charts of <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003124#pcbi-1003124-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>. The dark part of each bar corresponds to the number of co-complex protein pairs or yeast interactions that are part of a positive-scoring triplet.</p

Dynamic genomic regions are associated with transposons and with distinct chromatin landscapes.

<p>(A) In <i>V</i>. <i>dahliae</i> strain JR2, repeat-rich dynamic effector regions that evolve by genome rearrangements (indicated by red arrow heads) and by extensive segmental duplications (links between highly similar duplicated regions shown in grey) are located on chromosomes 2, 4, and 5 (red highlights). Repeat density along the chromosomes is indicated by a pink line (summarized as percent nucleotides in genomic windows of 5 kb, with a slide of 0.5 kb). (B) Dynamic genomic regions in <i>V</i>. <i>dahliae</i> are enriched in transcriptionally “active” and evolutionary “young” repetitive elements when compared with the core genome [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005920#ppat.1005920.ref007" target="_blank">7</a>]. (C) Different histone modifications can be associated with core (Chr 13) and conditionally dispensable (Chr 14) chromosomes in the wheat pathogen <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> (as previously reported [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005920#ppat.1005920.ref013" target="_blank">13</a>]). Repeat density along the chromosomes is indicated by a pink line (summarized as percent nucleotide in genomic windows of 5 kb, with a slide of 0.5 kb). Publicly available chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) samples [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005920#ppat.1005920.ref013" target="_blank">13</a>] were mapped to the <i>Z</i>. <i>tritici</i> genome, and enriched regions were subsequently identified using RSEG [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005920#ppat.1005920.ref028" target="_blank">28</a>]. DNA associated with euchromatic (H3K4me2, green) and heterochromatic (H3K27me3, orange; H3K9me3, red) marks are indicated, and significantly enriched genomic regions are marked with a solid line. Structural variations (duplications, black; deletions, blue) were identified by CNVnator, using publicly available resequencing data of multiple <i>Z</i>. <i>tritici</i> strains [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005920#ppat.1005920.ref029" target="_blank">29</a>]. (D) The number of nucleotides (in Mb) of the <i>Z</i>. <i>tritici</i> genome covered by different histone regions (defined by RSEG) for euchromatin (green) and heterochromatin (orange, red) are shown by bar charts. (E) The number of duplications and deletions overlapping with histone regions (see above) are shown by bar charts.</p

SDS-PAGE analysis of purification of <i>NoCKX1</i> expressed from different vectors.

<p>A/ Purification of <i>NoCKX1</i> expressed from pMAL-c4X vector. Lane 1: molecular mass standard; lane 2: fusion protein (<i>NoCKX1</i> with maltose binding protein) after purification on amylose column; lane 3: same protein after cleavage by factor Xa protease. B/ Purification of <i>NoCKX1</i> expressed from pCIOX vector. Lane 1: molecular mass standard; lane 2: fusion protein (<i>NoCKX1</i> with SUMO and histidine tag) after purification on Ni-NTA column. Proteins were separated in 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel.</p