Public Policy and the Economic Wellbeing of Elderly Immigrants

In this paper we document the economic outcomes of elderly immigrants to Canada. Our objective is to describe the extent to which elderly immigrants may have low income (are “in povertyâ€) and their interactions with the Canadian income transfer system. The study has two main parts. First, using a combination of administrative and survey data, we describe the age dimensions of immigration to Canada since 1980, and the evolution of policies directed towards older immigrants (i.e., immigration selection, and eligibility for age-related social security programs). Second, using the SCF and SLID surveys spanning 1981 through 2006, we document the composition and levels of income for immigrants to Canada. We estimate the degree to which older immigrants support themselves, either through working, or living with relatives, as well as the degree that they rely on various income transfer programs, especially OAS, GIS, and Social Assistance (SA). We also summarize their overall living standards, and the extent to which they live in poverty (have “low incomes.â€) Throughout the paper, we also explore the family dimensions to the outcomes of older immigrants: distinguishing between individual and family sources of income, as well as outlining differences in the living arrangements (family structure) of older immigrants, and the implications for measures of their well-beingImmigration; Retirement; Public Pensions; Living arrangements and family structure

On small Mixed Pattern Ramsey numbers

We call the minimum order of any complete graph so that for any coloring of the edges by $k$ colors it is impossible to avoid a monochromatic or rainbow triangle, a Mixed Ramsey number. For any graph $H$ with edges colored from the above set of $k$ colors, if we consider the condition of excluding $H$ in the above definition, we produce a \emph{Mixed Pattern Ramsey number}, denoted $M_k(H)$. We determine this function in terms of $k$ for all colored $4$-cycles and all colored $4$-cliques. We also find bounds for $M_k(H)$ when $H$ is a monochromatic odd cycles, or a star for sufficiently large $k$. We state several open questions.Comment: 16 page

Implications on the collision dynamics via azimuthal sensitive HBT from UrQMD : the Seventh Workshop on Particle Correlations and Femtoscopy, September 20 - 24 2011, University of Tokyo, Japan

We explore the shape and orientation of the freezeout region of non-central heavy ion collisions. For this we fit the freezeout distribution with a tilted ellipsoid. The resulting tilt angle is compared to the same tilt angle extracted via an azimuthally sensitive HBT analysis. This allows to access the tilt angle experimentally, which is not possible directly from the freezeout distribution. We also show a systematic study on the system decoupling time dependence on dNch/dh, using HBT results from the UrQMD transport model. In this study we found that the decoupling time scales with (dNch/dh)1/3 within each energy, but the scaling is broken across energies