823 research outputs found
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Capability-based access control for cyber physical systems
Cyber Physical Systems (CPS)
couple digital systems with the physical environment, creating
technical, usability, and economic security challenges beyond those of
information systems. Their distributed and
hierarchical nature, real-time and safety-critical requirements, and limited
resources create new vulnerability classes and severely constrain the security
solution space. This dissertation explores these challenges, focusing on
Industrial Control Systems (ICS), but demonstrating broader applicability to
the whole domain.
We begin by systematising the usability and economic challenges to secure ICS.
We fingerprint and track more than 10\,000 Internet-connected devices over four years and show
the population is growing, continuously-connected, and unpatched. We then
explore adversarial interest in this vulnerable population. We track 150\,000
botnet hosts, sift 70 million underground forum posts, and perform the
largest ICS honeypot study to date to demonstrate that the cybercrime community
has little competence or interest in the domain. We show that the current
heterogeneity, cost, and level of expertise required for large-scale attacks on
ICS are economic deterrents when targets in the IoT domain are
available.
The ICS landscape is changing, however, and we demonstrate the imminent
convergence with the IoT domain as inexpensive hardware, commodity operating
Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) couple digital systems with the physical environment, creating technical, usability, and economic security challenges beyond those of information systems. Their distributed and hierarchical nature, real-time and safety-critical requirements, and limited resources create new vulnerability classes and severely constrain the security solution space. This dissertation explores these challenges, focusing on Industrial Control Systems (ICS), but demonstrating broader applicability to the whole domain.
We begin by systematising the usability and economic challenges to secure ICS. We fingerprint and track more than 10,000 Internet-connected devices over four years and show the population is growing, continuously-connected, and unpatched. We then explore adversarial interest in this vulnerable population. We track 150,000 botnet hosts, sift 70 million underground forum posts, and perform the largest ICS honeypot study to date to demonstrate that the cybercrime community has little competence or interest in the domain. We show that the current heterogeneity, cost, and level of expertise required for large-scale attacks on ICS are economic deterrents when targets in the IoT domain are available.
The ICS landscape is changing, however, and we demonstrate the imminent convergence with the IoT domain as inexpensive hardware, commodity operating systems, and wireless connectivity become standard. Industry's security solution is boundary defence, pushing privilege to firewalls and anomaly detectors; however, this propagates rather than minimises privilege and leaves the hierarchy vulnerable to a single boundary compromise.
In contrast, we propose, implement, and evaluate a security architecture based on distributed capabilities. Specifically, we show that object capabilities, representing physical resources, can be constructed, delegated, and used anywhere in a distributed CPS by composing hardware-enforced architectural capabilities and cryptographic network tokens. Our architecture provides defence-in-depth, minimising privilege at every level of the CPS hierarchy, and both supports and adds integrity protection to legacy CPS protocols. We implement distributed capabilities in robotics and ICS demonstrators, and we show that our architecture adds negligible overhead to realistic integrations and can be implemented without significant modification to existing source code.
In contrast, we propose, implement, and evaluate a security architecture based on distributed capabilities. Specifically, we show that object capabilities, representing physical resources, can be constructed, delegated, and used anywhere in a distributed CPS by composing hardware-enforced architectural capabilities and cryptographic network tokens. Our architecture provides defence-in-depth, minimising privilege at every level of the CPS hierarchy, and both supports and adds integrity protection to legacy CPS protocols. We implement distributed capabilities in robotics and ICS demonstrators, and we show that our architecture adds negligible overhead to realistic integrations and can be implemented without significant modification to existing source code
Hammock, An EP and Visuals about Ego and Success
This project seeks to produce a musical universe in the form of an Extended Play (EP) with seven songs and accompanying visuals. The EP is a concept album that is centered on themes of ego and success. This album blends rock, electronic, hip-hop, and storytelling. This project was recorded and mixed in the Berklee Valencia studios. First, a template was made for each part of the story and visual themes, and then the songs were recorded instrument by instrument. All the sounds, visuals, samples and music are original creations by the author of the project Michael Dodson. The author learned how to design sounds and visuals to represent thematic elements in the music. In the future, he will create a live show based around the EP. The show will feature live composing and live visuals.https://remix.berklee.edu/graduate-studies-production-technology/1294/thumbnail.jp
An Interdisciplinary Experience
This proposal showcases the success of an interdisciplinary approach. It provides an overview of a project titled: Cacao and Chocolate: A Powerful Legacy. It took place during Hispanic Heritage Month in 2023. The project aimed to explore the rich and multifaceted legacy of cacao and chocolate in Latin America, incorporating perspectives from various academic disciplines, including public history, chemistry, Spanish language, graphic design, culinary arts, and family science. The interdisciplinary nature of the project highlights the power of collaboration in research and education, serving as a model for integrating diverse fields of study.
The project was divided into two main components: faculty-led research and experiential learning activities. The faculty-led research involved students Alyssa Vernon, a public history major, and Ethan Wilkins, a chemistry major, who conducted in-depth studies on the historical, cultural, and medicinal aspects of cacao and chocolate. Their research culminated in annotated bibliographies, research posters, and presentations at both the Hispanic Heritage Month event and the Association for Science Teacher Education annual conference.
Experiential learning activities included cultural documentation by Spanish minor Olivia Eubanks, creative design by graphic design major Reggi Pech, culinary demonstration by culinary arts major Erik Vasquez-Diaz, and data collection for program evaluation by family science major Hailey McCool. These activities provided students with hands-on experience and opportunities to apply their academic knowledge in real-world contexts.
The project also extended into the classroom, with Dr. Vergara integrating related themes into her Spanish language and literature courses. It also allowed Mr. Dodson the opportunity for continue mentoring outside of the classroom setting. Overall, the interdisciplinary experience highlighted the value of collaboration across disciplines and the importance of experiential learning in enhancing students\u27 understanding of complex topics
H-alpha Activity of Old M Dwarfs: Stellar Cycles and Mean Activity Levels For 93 Low-Mass Stars in the Solar Neighborhood
Through the McDonald Observatory M Dwarf Planet Search, we have acquired
nearly 3,000 high-resolution spectra of 93 late-type (K5-M5) stars over more
than a decade using HET/HRS. This sample provides a unique opportunity to
investigate the occurrence of long-term stellar activity cycles for low-mass
stars. In this paper, we examine the stellar activity of our targets as
reflected in the H-alpha feature. We have identified periodic signals for 6
stars, with periods ranging from days to more than 10 years, and find long-term
trends for 7 others. Stellar cycles with P > 1 year are present for at least 5%
of our targets. Additionally, we present an analysis of the time-averaged
activity levels of our sample, and search for correlations with other stellar
properties. In particular, we find that more massive, earlier type (M0-M2)
stars tend to be more active than later type dwarfs. Furthermore,
high-metallicity stars tend to be more active at a given stellar mass. We also
evaluate H-alpha variability as a tracer of activity-induced radial velocity
(RV) variation. For the M dwarf GJ 1170, H-alpha variation reveals stellar
activity patterns matching those seen in the RVs, mimicking the signal of a
giant planet, and we find evidence that the previously identified stellar
activity cycle of GJ 581 may be responsible for the recently retracted planet f
(Vogt et al. 2012) in that system. In general, though, we find that H-alpha is
not frequently correlated with RV at the precision (typically 6-7 m/s) of our
measurements.Comment: Submitted to ApJ. Reflects comments from a positive refere
Professor Ugo Carraro and BAM: two friends for life
Not available
Sequential Sectioning of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow in Cadaveric Arms with Ulnohumeral Laxity Assessed by Dynamic Ultrasonography
Objectives: Injury of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL), whether acute or chronic, is potentially career-threatening for elite overhead throwing athletes. Dynamic ultrasound (DUS) allows for rapid, cost-effective, non-invasive, and non-radiating evaluation of the UCL and elbow joint both at rest and with applied stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of cadaveric elbow valgus laxity with sequential UCL sectioning using DUS. Our objective was to quantify which portions of the UCL must be injured to cause the varying levels of laxity seen clinically on DUS testing. No prior study has used DUS to quantify valgus joint laxity with sequential cadaveric UCL sectioning. It was hypothesized that the change in laxity due to release of the anterior band of the UCL would be greater than that seen when the posterior and transverse bands were cut. Methods: Twelve cadaveric elbows were dissected free of skin and subcutaneous tissue by an experienced orthopaedic surgeon. Baseline DUS at rest and with applied valgus stress was then performed by an experienced ultrasonographer. Sequential sectioning of the medial elbow soft-tissue stabilizing structures was then carried out with valgus stress applied to the joint at each sectioning interval utilizing a standardized device (Telos, Marburg, Germany). First the transverse band of the UCL was released, followed by the posterior band, then the anterior bundle of the anterior band, the remaining posterior bundle of the anterior band, and finally the complete flexor pronator mass. Results: Mean ulnohumeral laxity in millimeters with 95% CIs was calculated for each step of the sequence. The deltas between each step of the dissection were also calculated with means and 95% CIs. Mean baseline laxity of the unstressed ulnohumeral joint at rest was 3.2 mm (CI, 2.2-4.2); with the addition of valgus stress, mean laxity was 4.7 mm (CI, 3.5-6.0). When the transverse band was cut, ulnohumeral laxity increased to a mean of 5.5 mm (CI, 4.0-7.0). With release of the posterior band, mean laxity was 6.4 mm (CI, 4.3-8.5). When the anterior bundle of the anterior band of the UCL was cut, mean ulnohumeral laxity was 8.4 mm (CI, 5.7-11.0) and when the entire anterior band was released, mean laxity was 10.9 mm (CI, 7.8-14.0). Complete release of the flexor pronator muscle mass resulted in mean ulnohumeral laxity of 15.5 mm (CI, 12.9-18.1). The largest deltas were observed with release of the anterior bundle of the anterior band (2.0 mm; CI, 1.0-3.0), the entire anterior band (2.6 mm; CI, 1.3-3.8), and flexor pronator mass (4.6 mm; CI, 1.3-3.8). Release of the transverse and posterior bands of the UCL resulted in deltas of 0.74 mm (CI, 0.1-1.3) and 0.9 mm (CI, 0.3-1.5) respectively. Conclusion: DUS allows for rapid, cost-effective, non-invasive, non-radiating evaluation of the elbow joint and UCL both at rest and with applied valgus stress. Previous studies have indicated that DUS can identify abnormalities of the UCL associated with chronic degeneration and ligamentous injury including thickening of the anterior band of the UCL as well as hypoechoic foci/calcifications. The results of the current cadaveric study suggest that different changes in clinical laxity are seen on DUS with injury of particular bands of the UCL. Early identification and localization of injury to a particular band of the UCL may allow more appropriate selection of patients who will benefit from operative treatment. © The Author(s) 2013
The multiple mini-interview (MMI) in medical student selection
An historical survey of medical student selection identified the multiple mini-interview (MMI) as a promising tool for the assessment of non-cognitive qualities. The Deakin MMI was found to be reliable and useful in predicting performance during the medical course when used with other established selection criteria such as GPA
New Ideas: Ordinary is Extraordinary
With the initial issue of this journal, a new challenge has been offered tothe world of sports nutrition: initiate "team oriented" research and clinical trials in order to make dynamic progress in terms of understandingand applying nutrition principals to the field of competitive sports. It is our further challenge that these teams think "outside the box" in terms of their approach to elucidating new concepts through which nutritional interventions might play a role in the regulation of muscle growth and repair, athletic performance and endurance, and mental acuity. What was once thought of as extraordinary might now be approached as ordinary, if the correct composition of "teams" were formed
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