Utilization of ChatGPT on Agile Project Management

This research-in-progress delves into the potential integration of Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by ChatGPT, into agile project management methodologies. The study outlines the promising applications, anticipated benefits, and inherent challenges of such an integration while emphasizing the importance of a balanced approach. Drawing insights from an extensive literature review, a conceptual framework is being developed to provide a comprehensive understanding of this integration, and empirical research methods will be employed for validation. The intersection of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Project Management through LLM integration holds significant implications for both fields. In the context of agile projects, LLMs like ChatGPT offer diverse applications, from backlog management in Scrum and Kanban to assisting in sprint planning, daily standup meetings, retrospectives, pair programming, and more. However, the introduction of LLMs also necessitates careful consideration of their limitations and the essential role of human oversight to mitigate potential risks. This study places special emphasis on achieving a balanced integration that capitalizes on the numerous benefits of LLMs in agile project management. These benefits include improved efficiency, proactive risk management, enhanced collaboration, data-driven decision-making, and scalability. Nevertheless, challenges such as job displacement, privacy concerns, ethical implications, and technical complexities need to be addressed to ensure responsible and sustainable integration. The conceptual framework which is being developed through a synthesis of existing theories and identified research gaps aims to provide a structured lens for understanding the multifaceted implications of LLM integration. Empirical research methods, such as interviews, focus groups, and surveys, will subsequently be employed to validate and refine the framework\u27s practicality by engaging project managers, practitioners, and stakeholders. While acknowledging potential limitations, such as participant bias and contextual influences, this research strives to offer valuable insights for both academia and industry. By bridging theory and practice, it contributes to the evolving landscape of AI-driven project management. The study\u27s core objective revolves around fostering sustainable agile project management outcomes through the responsible integration of LLMs. By harnessing the benefits of LLMs and addressing challenges, organizations can envision a future where AI augments agile practices, leading to more efficient, effective, and ultimately sustainable project management approaches

Clinicopathological evaluation of chronic traumatic encephalopathy in players of American football

IMPORTANCE: Players of American football may be at increased risk of long-term neurological conditions, particularly chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). OBJECTIVE: To determine the neuropathological and clinical features of deceased football players with CTE. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Case series of 202 football players whose brains were donated for research. Neuropathological evaluations and retrospective telephone clinical assessments (including head trauma history) with informants were performed blinded. Online questionnaires ascertained athletic and military history. EXPOSURES: Participation in American football at any level of play. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Neuropathological diagnoses of neurodegenerative diseases, including CTE, based on defined diagnostic criteria; CTE neuropathological severity (stages I to IV or dichotomized into mild [stages I and II] and severe [stages III and IV]); informant-reported athletic history and, for players who died in 2014 or later, clinical presentation, including behavior, mood, and cognitive symptoms and dementia. RESULTS: Among 202 deceased former football players (median age at death, 66 years [interquartile range, 47-76 years]), CTE was neuropathologically diagnosed in 177 players (87%; median age at death, 67 years [interquartile range, 52-77 years]; mean years of football participation, 15.1 [SD, 5.2]), including 0 of 2 pre–high school, 3 of 14 high school (21%), 48 of 53 college (91%), 9 of 14 semiprofessional (64%), 7 of 8 Canadian Football League (88%), and 110 of 111 National Football League (99%) players. Neuropathological severity of CTE was distributed across the highest level of play, with all 3 former high school players having mild pathology and the majority of former college (27 [56%]), semiprofessional (5 [56%]), and professional (101 [86%]) players having severe pathology. Among 27 participants with mild CTE pathology, 26 (96%) had behavioral or mood symptoms or both, 23 (85%) had cognitive symptoms, and 9 (33%) had signs of dementia. Among 84 participants with severe CTE pathology, 75 (89%) had behavioral or mood symptoms or both, 80 (95%) had cognitive symptoms, and 71 (85%) had signs of dementia. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In a convenience sample of deceased football players who donated their brains for research, a high proportion had neuropathological evidence of CTE, suggesting that CTE may be related to prior participation in football.This study received support from NINDS (grants U01 NS086659, R01 NS078337, R56 NS078337, U01 NS093334, and F32 NS096803), the National Institute on Aging (grants K23 AG046377, P30AG13846 and supplement 0572063345-5, R01 AG1649), the US Department of Defense (grant W81XWH-13-2-0064), the US Department of Veterans Affairs (I01 CX001038), the Veterans Affairs Biorepository (CSP 501), the Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence (grant B6796-C), the Department of Defense Peer Reviewed Alzheimer’s Research Program (grant 13267017), the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment, the Alzheimer’s Association (grants NIRG-15-362697 and NIRG-305779), the Concussion Legacy Foundation, the Andlinger Family Foundation, the WWE, and the NFL

Modelling knowlesi malaria transmission in humans: vector preference and host competence

Background: Plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria species that normally infects long-tailed macaques, was recently found to be prevalent in humans in Southeast Asia. While human host competency has been demonstrated experimentally, the extent to which the parasite can be transmitted from human back to mosquito vector in nature is unclear. Methods. Using a mathematical model, the influence of human host competency on disease transmission is assessed. Adapting a standard model for vector-borne disease transmission and using an evolutionary invasion analysis, the paper explores how differential host competency between humans and macaques can facilitate the epidemiological processes of P. knowlesi infection between different hosts. Results. Following current understanding of the evolutionary route of other human malaria vectors and parasites, an increasing human population in knowlesi malaria endemic regions will select for a more anthropophilic vector as well as a parasite that preferentially transmits between humans. Applying these adaptations, evolutionary invasion analysis yields threshold conditions under which this macaque disease may become a significant public health issue. Conclusions. These threshold conditions are discussed in the context of malaria vector-parasite co-evolution as a function of anthropogenic effects

Transmission and control of Plasmodium knowlesi: a mathematical modelling study.

INTRODUCTION: Plasmodium knowlesi is now recognised as a leading cause of malaria in Malaysia. As humans come into increasing contact with the reservoir host (long-tailed macaques) as a consequence of deforestation, assessing the potential for a shift from zoonotic to sustained P. knowlesi transmission between humans is critical. METHODS: A multi-host, multi-site transmission model was developed, taking into account the three areas (forest, farm, and village) where transmission is thought to occur. Latin hypercube sampling of model parameters was used to identify parameter sets consistent with possible prevalence in macaques and humans inferred from observed data. We then explore the consequences of increasing human-macaque contact in the farm, the likely impact of rapid treatment, and the use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) in preventing wider spread of this emerging infection. RESULTS: Identified model parameters were consistent with transmission being sustained by the macaques with spill over infections into the human population and with high overall basic reproduction numbers (up to 2267). The extent to which macaques forage in the farms had a non-linear relationship with human infection prevalence, the highest prevalence occurring when macaques forage in the farms but return frequently to the forest where they experience higher contact with vectors and hence sustain transmission. Only one of 1,046 parameter sets was consistent with sustained human-to-human transmission in the absence of macaques, although with a low human reproduction number (R(0H) = 1.04). Simulations showed LLINs and rapid treatment provide personal protection to humans with maximal estimated reductions in human prevalence of 42% and 95%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This model simulates conditions where P. knowlesi transmission may occur and the potential impact of control measures. Predictions suggest that conventional control measures are sufficient at reducing the risk of infection in humans, but they must be actively implemented if P. knowlesi is to be controlled

Chemical perturbation of oncogenic protein folding: from the prediction of locally unstable structures to the design of disruptors of Hsp90-Client interactions

Protein folding quality control in cells requires the activity of a class of proteins known as molecular chaperones. Heat shock protein‐90 (Hsp90), a multidomain ATP driven molecular machine, is a prime representative of this family of proteins. Interactions between Hsp90, its co‐chaperones, and client proteins have been shown to be important in facilitating the correct folding and activation of clients. Hsp90 levels and functions are elevated in tumor cells. Here, we computationally predict the regions on the native structures of clients c‐Abl, c‐Src, Cdk4, B‐Raf and Glucocorticoid Receptor, that have the highest probability of undergoing local unfolding, despite being ordered in their native structures. Such regions represent potential ideal interaction points with the Hsp90‐system. We synthesize mimics spanning these regions and confirm their interaction with partners of the Hsp90 complex (Hsp90, Cdc37 and Aha1) by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Designed mimics selectively disrupt the association of their respective clients with the Hsp90 machinery, leaving unrelated clients unperturbed and causing apoptosis in cancer cells. Overall, selective targeting of Hsp90 protein–protein interactions is achieved without causing indiscriminate degradation of all clients, setting the stage for the development of therapeutics based on specific chaperone:client perturbation

Evaluating the Reproducibility of Motion Analysis Scanning of the Spine during Walking

The Formetric 4D dynamic system (Diers International GmbH, Schlangenbad, Germany) is a rasterstereography based imaging system designed to evaluate spinal deformity, providing radiation-free imaging of the position, rotation, and shape of the spine during the gait cycle. Purpose. This study was designed to evaluate whether repeated measurements with the Formetric 4D dynamic system would be reproducible with a standard deviation of less than +/− 3 degrees. This study looked at real-time segmental motion, measuring kyphosis, lordosis, trunk length, pelvic, and T4 and L1 vertebral body rotation. Methods. Twenty healthy volunteers each underwent 3 consecutive scans. Measurements for kyphosis, lordosis, trunk length, and rotations of T4, L1, and the pelvis were recorded for each trial. Results. The average standard deviations of same-day repeat measurements were within +/− 3 degrees with a range of 0.51 degrees to 2.3 degrees. Conclusions. The surface topography system calculated reproducible measurements with error ranges comparable to the current gold standard in dynamic spinal motion analysis. Therefore, this technique should be considered of high clinical value for reliably evaluating segmental motion and spinal curvatures and should further be evaluated in the setting of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Rotational Anatomy of the Radius and Ulna: Surgical Implications

© 2020 American Society for Surgery of the Hand Purpose: The rotational anatomy of the forearm bones is not well defined. This study aims to further the understanding of the torsion of the radius and ulna to better guide treatment. Methods: Computed tomography images of 98 cadaveric forearms were obtained and 3-dimensional models of the radius and ulna were generated and analyzed. The rotation of the radius was evaluated by comparing the orientation of the distal radius central axis (DRCA) with the volar cortex of the distal radius (DR) and biceps tuberosity (BT). The rotation of the ulna was evaluated by assessing the orientation of the ulnar head with respect to the proximal ulna. Results: The DR volar cortex pronates from distal to proximal. The BT was 43.8° ± 16.9° supinated from the DRCA (range, 2.7°–86.5°). The mean difference in rotation between contralateral biceps tuberosities was 7.0° ± 7.1°. The volar cortex of the DR was 12.6° ± 5.4° supinated compared with the DRCA. The ulnar head was pronated 8.4° ± 14.9° with respect to the greater sigmoid notch (range, 50.3° pronation–22.0° supination). Conclusions: The BT has a variable orientation relative to the DR, but it is generally located anteromedially in a supinated arm or 136° opposite the radial styloid. Understanding the rotational anatomy of the radius and ulna can play an important role in surgical planning and implant design. The rotational anatomy of the radius and ulna varies significantly between individuals, but is similar in contralateral limbs. Clinical relevance: Distal radius volar cortex rotational anatomy can help guide treatment of DR fractures and malunions as well as assist in positioning of wrist arthroplasty implants, particularly in the presence of bone loss. The side-to-side similarities demonstrated in this study should be helpful in managing patients with segmental bone loss or fracture malunion and those requiring joint reconstruction

Automatic quantification of fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus from MRI

Fat fraction of the rotator cuff muscles has been shown to be a predictor of rotator cuff repair failure. In clinical diagnosis, fat fraction of the affected muscle is typically assessed visually on the oblique 2D Y-view and categorized according to the Goutallier scale on T1 weighted MRI. To enable a quantitative fat fraction measure of the rotator cuff muscles, an automated analysis of the whole muscle and Y-view slice was developed utilizing 2-point Dixon MRI. 3D nn-Unet were trained on water only 2-point Dixon data and corresponding annotations for the automatic segmentation of the supraspinatus, humerus and scapula and the detection of 3 anatomical landmarks for the automatic reconstruction of the Y-view slice. The supraspinatus was segmented with a Dice coefficient of 90% (N=24) and automatic fat fraction measurements with a difference from manual measurements of 1.5 % for whole muscle and 0.6% for Y-view evaluation (N=21) were observed. The presented automatic analysis demonstrates the feasibility of a 3D quantification of fat fraction of the rotator cuff muscles for the investigation of more accurate predictors of rotator cuff repair outcome

Seasonal Variations in Anterior Segment Angle Parameters in Myopes and Emmetropes

Clinical relevance: Seasonal variations are known to occur in a range of ocular parameters and in conditions including refractive error and glaucoma. It is of clinical importance to know if seasonal changes also occur in anterior segment angle parameters, given that they can influence these conditions. Background: The study aimed to examine the seasonal variations in anterior segment angle parameters in healthy young adults. Methods: Twenty-three emmetropic participants with a mean age of 26.17 ± 4.43 years and 22 myopic participants with a mean age of 27.27 ± 4.47 years completed four seasons of data collection. Anterior segment angle parameters were measured using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and objective refraction were also measured. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of season and refractive error on the various ocular parameters. Results: A significant main effect of season was found for the majority of anterior segment angle parameters, including the angle opening distance at 500 and 750 µm from the scleral spur (p = 0.02, p = 0.006, respectively), angle recess area at 500 and 750 µm from the scleral spur (both p = 0.002), and trabecular iris space area at 500 and 750 µm from the scleral (p = 0.02, p = 0.008, respectively). However, measures of anterior chamber depth and trabecular iris angle did not exhibit statistically significant seasonal variations (all p > 0.05). A significant main effect of season was also found for the changes in IOP (p = 0.004) and objective refraction (p 0.05). Conclusion: There is a small but significant seasonal changes in the anterior segment angle parameters, refractive error, and IOP in healthy young adult males, in which the anterior segment angle dimensions are narrower, the IOP is higher, and the refraction is more myopic during winter.</p