The negative feedback dysregulation effect: losses of motor control in response to negative feedback

<p>Negative feedback has paradoxical features to it. This form of feedback can have informational value under some circumstances, but it can also threaten the ego, potentially upsetting behaviour as a result. To investigate possible consequences of the latter type, two experiments (total <i>N</i> = 159) presented positive or negative feedback within a sequence-prediction task that could not be solved. Following feedback, participants had to control their behaviours as effectively as possible in a motor control task. Relative to positive feedback, negative feedback undermined control in a manner suggesting emotional upset (Experiment 1). These reactions lasted for at least three seconds and were especially pronounced among people reporting that they typically lose control in the context of their negative emotions (Experiment 2). The findings document a novel form of behavioural dysregulation that occurs in response to negative feedback while also highlighting the utility of motor control perspectives on self-control.</p

Movement Times with Standard Errors as a Function of Word Category (Success versus Failure) and Movement Direction (Forward versus Backward), Experiment 1.

<p>Movement Times with Standard Errors as a Function of Word Category (Success versus Failure) and Movement Direction (Forward versus Backward), Experiment 1.</p

Movement Times with Standard Errors as a Function of Prime Category (Success versus Failure) and Movement Direction (Forward versus Backward), Experiment 2.

<p>Movement Times with Standard Errors as a Function of Prime Category (Success versus Failure) and Movement Direction (Forward versus Backward), Experiment 2.</p

Rasmussen et al data file

The data set contains a number of measurements of metabolic traits measured on field caught fish (oxygen consumption rate, white muscle LDH and CS, and plasma acetylcholinesterase, together with the genotypes (pure rainbow trout, pure cutthroat trout or hybrid) body size data and the elevation of the site at which each was captured. These were the data used to generate the models presented in the paper

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the climatic space of Oman (grey dots) using 12 BIOCLIM variables.

<p>Dashed lines delimit the climatic clusters that group 10% of the explained variance by PC1 and PC2. Green dots represent the climatic space of protected areas.</p

Climate variability of Oman.

<p>(A) Map showing the distribution and extension of the 20 climatic clusters of Oman identified in this study that group 10% of the explained variance by PC1 and PC2; (B) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the climatic space of Oman using 12 BIOCLIM variables and with the 20 climatic clusters that group 10% of the explained variance by PC1 and PC2 with the same colors as in the map. Clusters have been numbered from 1 to 20 with the following order: from left to right and from bottom to top.</p

Number of species displayed in a cumulative way.

<p>Dots represent the years with species descriptions. Dashed lines divide the graph into intervals of 20 years. The last dot includes the species in the process of being described.</p

Map of Oman indicating the sampling effort.

<p>Grids of 10 arc-minutes (~18km) with observations (red dot). Empty grid cells are either due to no observation or no sampling.</p

Percentage of the species’ distribution area included within a protected area.

<p>Dashed lines indicate the conservation target of 17% and 12% of the total species’ distribution area within a protected area. (A) The extent of species occurrence was defined using the presence-absence in every pixel of 1 km x 1 km. (B) The extent of species occurrence was defined using a minimum convex polygon (MCP) of the observations filtered by the species’ average altitude.</p

Physical map of Oman.

<p>Map of Oman showing topographical relief and names of the most relevant toponyms mentioned in this study.</p