Unique Perspectives

Michael Crabtree Artist Statement I make drawings that communicate my experiences through the lens of illustration and narrative artmaking. Drawing is a foundational artistic practice, and I enjoy its simplicity and practicality. Pastels have become a direct means to add expressive color to my drawings and create the atmosphere that I aim to capture. My process begins with a memory or feeling about an experience. I will usually have a picture in my head that I am trying to capture. The next step is to start making the drawing. As I am working, more ideas fall into place and something new and different than what was originally envisioned ends up on the paper. These drawings are made to be looked at with wondering eyes. My drawings communicate a narrative about places, moods, and human experiences. The meaning of these drawings can be open to interpretation. The story is not clear, leaving room for the viewer to imagine the narrative for themselves. I am influenced by the work of many artists and illustrators, but Quintin Blake continues to be one of my favorites. I have learned so much about telling stories by looking at his work, how even simple images can communicate a full story and expand on a text with humor and wit. I am also greatly influenced by the work of David Hockney, especially the landscapes and more recent ipad drawings. I am drawn to his bold use of color and ability to capture the essence of his subject. His color sensibility reinforces my own, inspiring me to bring my visions to life in multilayered hues.https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/art499/1065/thumbnail.jp

Michael Crabtree Art399 Portfolio

Storytelling inspires much of my art, whether from personal experience or from literature. I have always loved illustration and creating scenes where there is an implied narrative. I often try to make mysterious settings and strange structures or figures, but many of them are based on my memories of places or things that I have seen. My wife and daughter and our dog pop up again and again in my work but typically in unusual scenarios. I have painted our dog guiding a ship with a lantern and I have placed my wife and daughter in the background of a Mardi Gras illustration. I want to be an art teacher, and many of the lessons I have learned in school and through my experiences working with young people have influenced my work and how I think about art. One of the most important things I have learned about being an effective art teacher, which has changed the way I make art, is that students should make work that is meaningful to them. I try to remember this when I am making my own work. Book illustrations continue to be an inspiration to me and I feel that my love for narrative art has led me to really enjoy learning about art history. I am especially amazed by relief sculptures from the Romanesque period. The artists of this time used perspective and hierarchical proportions in unique ways to translate their messages into a visual form, often defying conventions of pictorial space to further their storytelling. I try to include some of these techniques in my own work. The illustrator Edward Gorey is a major influence on my work. He is an artist that I keep coming back to for inspiration again and again. His work has a timeless quality to it and he finds humor in the macabre. His unique style and characters are drawn using pen and ink with precise cross hatching and fine lines. I have been lucky enough to see a few of his works in person; they are surprisingly small and delicate. Esther Pearl Watson is another artist who inspires my work. She paints in a naive style that is humorous, but also expresses a sense of wonder and joyfulness. I love her series of paintings depicting her fathers homemade spaceships. She has a unique approach to painting that has a simple charm that I strive to find in my own imaginative paintings. When someone looks at my work I would like them to feel curious about the story I am trying to tell. This is why I like to work from my memories and experiences. I think that many people share similar experiences or feelings about the world. Maybe my work will remind someone of a place they have been, a person they have met, or an interesting experience they have had.https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/art399/1130/thumbnail.jp

Probing Order within Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Decades have passed since the realisation that a protein’s amino acid sequence can contain all the information required to form a complex three-dimensional fold. Until recently, these encoded structures were thought to be crucial determinants of protein function. Much effort was directed to fully understand the mechanisms behind how and why proteins fold, with natively unfolded proteins thought to be experimental artefacts. Today, the field of natively unfolded – or so-called intrinsically disordered – proteins, is rapidly developing. Protein disorder content has been positively correlated with organismal complexity, with over thirty percent of eukaryotic proteins predicted to contain disordered regions. However, the biophysical consequences of disorder are yet to be fully determined. With the aim of addressing some of the outstanding questions, the work described in this thesis focuses on the relevance of structure within disordered proteins. Whilst populating a variety of conformations in isolation, a subset of disordered proteins can fold upon binding to a partner macromolecule. This folded state may be present within the ensemble of conformations sampled by the unbound protein, opening the question of what comes first: folding or binding? Protein engineering techniques were employed to alter the level of residual ‘bound-like’ structure within the free conformational ensemble, and the consequences on coupled folding and binding reactions were investigated. Resultant changes in the rate of association are easily imaginable; yet, this work demonstrates that the majority of the observed changes in binding affinity were due to alterations in the rate of dissociation, thus altering the lifetime of the bound complex. Promiscuous binding is a touted advantage of being disordered. If many disordered proteins, each with their own conformational ensemble, can bind and fold to the same partner, then where is the folding component encoded? Does the partner protein template the folding reaction? Or, is the folding information contained within the disordered protein sequence? Utilising phi-value analysis on the BCL-2 family of proteins, residues in the disordered sequence were probed to ascertain which form contacts at the transition state of the reaction. Comparison with phi-value analyses of alternative pairs – sharing either the ordered or disordered protein – provides insight into the encoding of these interactions. In the context of a bimolecular reaction, the amino acid sequence of the disordered protein was shown to determine the interactions within the transition state. Thus, analogous to the discovery from decades’ past, it is the sequence of the protein that folds which encodes its pathway, even when binding is a prerequisite.BBSRC DTP Studentshi

Industrial flow measurement

This thesis discusses the intrinsic worth of a published work, ‘Industrial Flow Measurement’ (Appendix A), a handbook written and revised by the author over a period of 30 years. The author first discusses the need to measure flow and then moves on to the raison d’être of the handbook before looking at a brief history of flow measurement. Although not claiming that any single attribute of the handbook is unique, the author nonetheless postulates that because it incorporates several distinctive features, at a number of different levels, these agents combine to make it one-of-a- kind. The author moves on to an overview of existing flow metering technologies discussed within the handbook. Finally, he looks at what he considers is a major gap in the collected body of knowledge – the field of multiphase and water-cut metering and provides a justification, not only for its inclusion in the future but for future investigation

Methods for Data-centric Small Satellite Anomaly Detection and Fault Prediction

Autonomy can increase reaction speed, flexibility, and accuracy of satellite operations, especially in uncertain environments caused by delayed communication and/or adversarial conditions. An increased focus on small satellites makes the development of satellite autonomy even more salient, given fewer operators per satellite. Anomaly detection automates satellite health monitoring, ensuring it functions as designed. This is typically achieved using various forms of recurrent neural networks (RNN). While many of these model-based works show promise, a majority use simulated data or assume lossless communication. In contrast, raw satellite telemetry often has dropped packets, sampling frequency mismatches, noise from electrical systems and radiation, and a lack of clear labels for training. This work demonstrates how data-centric artificial intelligence (AI) can be utilized in satellite autonomy, using telemetry from the Very Low Frequency Propagation Mapper (VPM) small satellite flown by the Air Force Research Lab Space Vehicle Directorate in 2020. We introduce simple, but effective, tools for extracting fault labels from system parameters, resampling outliers to a common, uniform timeline, and evaluating outlier fault predictability. Results find that detected outliers were able to predict faults 1-10 minutes before they occurred with high accuracy

Insights into Coupled Folding and Binding Mechanisms from Kinetic Studies

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are characterised by a lack of defined structure. Since their identification more than a decade ago, many questions regarding their functional relevance and interaction mechanisms remain unanswered. While most experiments have taken equilibrium and structural perspectives, fewer studies have investigated the kinetics of their interactions. Here we review and highlight the type of information that can be gained from kinetic studies. In particular, we show how kinetic studies of coupled folding and binding reactions, an important class of signalling event, are needed to determine mechanisms.This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust (WT 095195MA). M.D.C. is supported by a BBSRC studentship; L.D. by an EPSRC studentship B.I.M.W. by the Cambridge Trust. JC is a Senior Wellcome Trust Research Fellow.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology via https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.R115.69271

Mental Health Status and Perceived Barriers to Seeking Treatment in Rural Reserve Component Veterans

National Guard and Reserve (RC) troops (N=617) primarily from the Appalachian Region in Southwestern Pennsylvania who recently returned from deployment in support of current military conflicts responded to a survey that assessed their demographics, mental health symptoms, help-seeking behaviors, barriers for not seeking treatment, deployment history, and stressors. Veterans were classified as rural (N = 334) or non-rural (N = 283). Rural participants reported a significantly greater number of issues with transportation/access in seeking mental health treatment, were more likely to perceive others as worse off as a reason not to seek treatment, had a more negative attitude toward seeking treatment for mental health problems, and reported fewer concerns about a mental health problem affecting their career. Recommendations for mental health care providers and policymakers are offered based on the results, including the importance of recognizing the distinctive barriers to care that RC Appalachian veterans face when they come back into civilian communities, many of them rural

Folding and binding pathways of BH3-only proteins are encoded within their intrinsically disordered sequence, not templated by partner proteins.

Intrinsically disordered regions are present in one-third of eukaryotic proteins and are overrepresented in cellular processes such as signaling, suggesting that intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) may have a functional advantage over folded proteins. Upon interacting with a partner macromolecule, a subset of IDPs can fold and bind to form a well-defined three-dimensional conformation. For example, disordered BH3-only proteins bind promiscuously to a large number of homologous BCL-2 family proteins, where they fold to a helical structure in a groove on the BCL-2-like protein surface. As two protein chains are involved in the folding reaction, and the structure is only formed in the presence of the partner macromolecule, this raises the question of where the folding information is encoded. Here, we examine these coupled folding and binding reactions to determine which component determines the folding and binding pathway. Using Φ value analysis to compare transition state interactions between the disordered BH3-only proteins PUMA and BID and the folded BCL-2-like proteins A1 and MCL-1, we found that, even though the BH3-only protein is disordered in isolation and requires a stabilizing partner to fold, its folding and binding pathway is encoded in the IDP itself; the reaction is not templated by the folded partner. We suggest that, by encoding both its transition state and level of residual structure, an IDP can evolve a specific kinetic profile, which could be a crucial functional advantage of disorder

Insights into Coupled Folding and Binding Mechanisms from Kinetic Studies.

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are characterized by a lack of persistent structure. Since their identification more than a decade ago, many questions regarding their functional relevance and interaction mechanisms remain unanswered. Although most experiments have taken equilibrium and structural perspectives, fewer studies have investigated the kinetics of their interactions. Here we review and highlight the type of information that can be gained from kinetic studies. In particular, we show how kinetic studies of coupled folding and binding reactions, an important class of signaling event, are needed to determine mechanisms.This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust (WT 095195MA). M.D.C. is supported by a BBSRC studentship; L.D. by an EPSRC studentship B.I.M.W. by the Cambridge Trust. JC is a Senior Wellcome Trust Research Fellow.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology via https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.R115.69271