Der natürliche Fluß und seine Veränderung durch den Menschen : dargestellt am Beispiel Oberweser

Am Beispiel der Oberweser zwischen Beverungen und Holzminden wird die weitestgehende Zerstörung eines natürlichen Flußsystems durch den Menschen aufgezeigt. Die für den Naturzustand typischen Gewässerstrukturen wie Stromspaltungen, Uferabbrüche, Kolke und Flachwasserstellen werden eingehend charakterisiert und die Geschichte ihrer Beseitigung beschrieben. Ein Vergleich zwischen ursprünglicher und heutiger Flußlandschaft verdeutlicht die durch das Wirken des Menschen verursachten tiefgreifenden Veränderungen im "Ökosystem Fluß". Es zeigt sich, daß der wesentliche Eingriff des Menschen auf den Fluß heute darin besteht, daß sich die Wirkungen nacheinander folgender Hochwasser nicht mehr summieren können

Death scene investigation and autopsy proceedings in identifying the victims of the terror attack on the Breitscheidplatz in Berlin 19th December 2016

We describe and discuss the forensic mission after the terrorist attack on the Breitscheidplatz in Berlin on 19th December 2016, focusing on co-operation with police authorities, and the injury patterns of the deceased. Even after massive blunt trauma, severe injury patterns are often unrecognizable by visual inspection of the body (“Casper’s sign”), which could instill false security among rescuers or, as happened on the Breitscheidplatz, may lead to distress or even trauma in rescue personnel when obviously primarily uninjured patients die suddenly

Postprandial transfer of colostral extracellular vesicles and their protein and miRNA cargo in neonatal calves

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes are key regulators of intercellular communication that can be found in almost all bio fluids. Although studies in the last decade have made great headway in discerning the role of EVs in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, the bioavailability and impact of dietary EVs and their cargo still remain to be elucidated. Due to its widespread consumption and high content of EV-associated microRNAs and proteins, a major focus in this field has been set on EVs in bovine milk and colostrum. Despite promising in vitro studies in recent years that show high resiliency of milk EVs to degradation and uptake of milk EV cargo in a variety of intestinal and blood cell types, in vivo experiments continue to be inconclusive and sometimes outright contradictive. To resolve this discrepancy, we assessed the potential postprandial transfer of colostral EVs to the circulation of newborn calves by analysing colostrum-specific protein and miRNAs, including specific isoforms (isomiRs) in cells, EV isolations and unfractionated samples from blood and colostrum. Our findings reveal distinct populations of EVs in colostrum and blood from cows that can be clearly separated by density, particle concentration and protein content (BTN1A1, MFGE8). Postprandial blood samples of calves show a time-dependent increase in EVs that share morphological and protein characteristics of colostral EVs. Analysis of miRNA expression profiles by Next-Generation Sequencing gave a different picture however. Although significant postprandial expression changes could only be detected for calf EV samples, expression profiles show very limited overlap with highly expressed miRNAs in colostral EVs or colostrum in general. Taken together our results indicate a selective uptake of membrane-associated protein cargo but not luminal miRNAs from colostral EVs into the circulation of neonatal calves

Resolving the Higgs-gluon coupling with jets

In the Standard Model, the Higgs coupling to gluons is almost entirely induced by top quark loops. We derive the logarithmic structure of Higgs production in association with two jets. Just like in the one-jet case, the transverse momentum distributions exhibit logarithms of the top quark mass and can be used to test the nature of the loop–induced Higgs coupling to gluons. Using Higgs decays to W bosons and to tau leptons, we show how the corresponding analyses hugely benefit from the second jet in the relevant signal rate as well as in the background rejection

Chitosanase-based method for RNA isolation from cells transfected with chitosan/siRNA nanocomplexes for real-time RT-PCR in gene silencing

Chitosan, a well known natural cationic polysaccharide, has been successfully implemented in vitro and in vivo as a nonviral delivery system for both plasmid DNA and siRNA. While using chitosan/siRNA polyplexes to knock down specific targets, we have underestimated the effect of nucleic acids binding to chitosan when extracting RNA for subsequent quantitative PCR evaluation of silencing. In vitro transfection using chitosan/siRNA-based polyplexes reveals a very poor recovery of total RNA especially when using low cell numbers in 96 well plates. Here, we describe a method that dramatically enhances RNA extraction from chitosan/siRNA-treated cells by using an enzymatic treatment with a type III chitosanase. We show that chitosanase treatment prior to RNA extraction greatly enhances the yield and the integrity of extracted RNA. This method will therefore eliminate the bias associated with lower RNA yield and integrity when quantifying gene silencing of chitosan-based systems using quantitative real time PCR

Can true papillary neoplasms of breast and their mimickers be accurately classified by cytology?

BACKGROUND The cytologic accuracy in assessing malignancy in papillary breast neoplasms (PBNs) is controversial. This is further complicated by overlapping features observed in other breast lesions that produce papillary-like tissue fragments. METHODS The authors reviewed 22 fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) from histologically proven papillary neoplasms: papillary carcinoma (PCA; 10 aspirates) and intraductal papilloma (IDP; 12 aspirates). They also reviewed 8 FNAs in which a papillary neoplasm was suggested by cytology but not confirmed by follow-up biopsy: fibroadenoma (6), mucinous carcinoma (1), and cribriform ductal carcinoma in situ (1). RESULTS Papillary carcinoma can be distinguished from IDP by the higher cellularity, more complex papillae with thin disorganized fronds, mild to moderate nuclear atypia, and prominent dissociation with many single papillae. Fibrovascular cores (FVCs) were more common in PCA than IDP in which detached fibrous tissue fragments were frequently seen. Atypical IDP exhibited features intermediate between PCA and IDP. Apocrine metaplasia was variably present in IDP, atypical IDP, and fibroadenoma but absent in all carcinomas. Intraductal papilloma can be distinguished from fibroadenoma by their broad ruffled branches, scalloped borders, and tiny tongue-like projections. True papillae were commonly covered by tall columnar cells. Myoepithelial cells were few in IDP but were numerous in fibroadenoma. The epithelial fragments in nonpapillary lesions presented as cellular spheres and/or complex sheets with finger-like projections but lacked FVCs and columnar cells. CONCLUSIONS Papillary breast neoplasms can be accurately classified by cytology. Closer evaluation of the tissue fragments architecture and the background can help in separating PBN from their mimics. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2002;96:000–000. © 2002 American Cancer Society.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34364/1/10481_ftp.pd