Indonesians Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Distributions and Correlations with Global Diseases

In Human, Major Histocompatibility Complex known as Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA). The HLA grouped into three subclasses regions: the class I region, the class II region, and the class III region. There are thousands of polymorphic HLAs, many of them are proven to have correlations with diseases. Indonesia consists of diverse ethnicity people and populations. It carries a unique genetic diversity between one and another geographical positions. This paper aims to extract Indonesians HLA allele data, mapping the data, and correlating them with global diseases. From the study, it is found that global diseases, like Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Graves’ disease, gelatin allergy, T1D, HIV, systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile chronic arthritis, and Mycobacterial disease (tuberculosis and leprosy) suspected associated with the Indonesian HLA profiles

Isolation Of Mouse Trophoblast Stem-Like Cell Lines For Future Synthesis Of Artificial Embryos

[[abstract]]人工胚胎的合成可用於研究胚胎的形成方式。通過這個過程，可以在體外研究體內胚胎發生的機制，這有助於了解不孕症的潛在原因，並有助於解決人類和動物中與妊娠失敗有關的疾病。為了合成人工胚胎，至少需要兩種主要的幹細胞類型，即胚胎幹（ES）細胞和滋養層幹（TS）細胞。在我們的實驗室中，我們已經有幾株高質量的小鼠ES幹細胞系，但是仍然缺乏TS幹細胞支持胎兒發育的能力。因此,本研究在建立優質的TS幹細胞系，供以後用於體外合成與研究胚胎發生學的用途。根據已建立的TS幹細胞的特徵，包括集落形態，免疫染色標記表現和PCR，將對其特性進行充分的研究。結果顯示TSC集落形成率為53％±28.4。影響此結果的因素是飼養層細胞、囊胚、分離時間和無菌操作的潔淨程度。然而，儘管TSC集落形成很低，但細胞在免疫染色中皆有Cdx2和Eomes的表現，而在PCR基因分析亦表示出Cdx2基因，這顯示著TSC的特徵是真實的。這項研究完成後，即成功建立了優質的TS細胞系，已建立的TSC將用於合成胚胎，並且可以進一步探索胚胎晚期發育過程中學胚胎發育相關的疾病發展。[[abstract]]Synthesis of artificial embryos were useful in studying how embryo was formed. By this process, mechanistic study of in vivo embryogenesis could be recapitulated in vitro which allowed for understanding of potential causes of infertility and helped to resolve disorders associated with pregnancy failure in both humans and animal species. To synthesized artificial embryos, at least two major cell types were required, i.e., embryonic stem (ES) cells and trophoblast (TS) stem cells. We already had several different lines of quality mouse ES cells in our lab, but the TS cells were still lacking to support fetus development. Therefore, we aimed to establish quality TS cell lines for later use in vitro embryogenesis. The established TS cells were fully characterized based on their colony morphology, marker expression by immunostaining, and PCR. The result showed the success TSC colony formation rate at 53% ± 28.4. The factors that affected this result was feeders, blastocyst, time, and sterility. However, although TSC colony formation was low, the cells showed CDX2 and EOMES expression on immunostaining and Cdx2 on PCR which meant the TSCs character was authentic. After completion of this research, i.e., successfully established quality TS cell lines, the established TSCs would be used for peri-implantation embryos and the disease development of embryos during late embryogenesis could be further explored