Comportamento sedentário e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados de adolescentes do sul do Brasil

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a associação entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e o comportamento sedentário de adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com escolares do 6º ao 9º ano de um colégio da cidade de Criciúma, Santa Catarina. O consumo regular de, pelo menos, um grupo de alimentos ultraprocessados foi o desfecho estudado, e a variável de exposição foi o tempo diário de comportamento sedentário.  Também foi avaliado o sexo, idade e cor da pele dos estudantes. Análises bruta e ajustada da associação entre as variáveis foi realizada através da Regressão de Poisson apresentando-se o valor p correspondente ao teste de Wald para heterogeneidade. Foram estudados 77 escolares. Cerca de 44% deles consumiam regularmente, pelo menos, um grupo de alimentos ultraprocessados, e mais da metade dos estudantes (61%) referiram mais de 2 horas diárias de comportamento sedentário. Os adolescentes que apresentaram comportamento sedentário tiveram 2,2 vezes mais probabilidade de consumir regularmente alimentos ultraprocessados comparados àqueles que não eram sedentários (p=0,030). Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de estratégias de promoção de saúde que estimulem hábitos alimentares saudáveis e a redução do comportamento sedentário no ambiente escolar, especialmente focadas nos adolescentes

Fatores associados à não adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso para hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus entre adultos brasileiros: resultados do VIGITEL 2019

Hypertension (SAH) and diabetes mellitus (DM) were the most incident chronic non-transmissible diseases in Brazil in 2019. Among the factors that can contribute to the lack of control of these diseases are those related to the inappropriate use of medications. Thus, the objective was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with non-adherence to drug treatment for SAH and DM among Brazilian adults. Cross-sectional study with data from the 2019 Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey. The adjusted prevalence of non-adherence to drug treatment for SAH and DM, according to sociodemographic and health variables, was verified by Poisson's Regression. A total of 52,443 brazilians were studied. The prevalence of non-adherence to drug treatment for SAH and DM were 10.1% and 6.0%, respectively. Young adults and males had a higher prevalence of non-adherence to drug treatment for SAH. The prevalence of non-adherence to drug treatment for DM did not differ among the sociodemographic and health variables studied. In conclusion, it is necessary government initiatives and projects that focus on the groups most prone to non-adherence to drug treatment.La hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS) y la diabetes mellitus (DM) fueron las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles más comunes en Brasil en 2019. Entre los factores que pueden contribuir a la falta de control de estas enfermedades están los relacionados con el uso inadecuado de medicamentos. Así, el objetivo fue evaluar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la no adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico para la HAS y la DM entre adultos brasileños. Estudio transversal con datos de la Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección para Enfermedades Crónicas por Encuesta Telefónica 2019. Se verificó la prevalencia ajustada de no adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico para HAS y DM, según variables sociodemográficas y de salud, mediante Poison Regression . Fueron estudiados un total de 52.443 brasileños. La prevalencia de no adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico para la HAS y la DM fue del 10,1% y 6,0%, respectivamente. Los adultos jóvenes y del sexo masculino presentaron mayor prevalencia de no adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico de la HAS. La prevalencia de no adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico de la DM no difirió entre las variables sociodemográficas y de salud estudiadas.En conclusión, existe la necesidad de iniciativas y proyectos gubernamentales que se centren en los grupos más proclives a la no adherencia a los tratamientos medicamentosos.A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e o diabetes mellitus (DM) foram as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis mais prevalentes no Brasil em 2019. Dentre os fatores que podem contribuir para o descontrole dessas doenças está o uso inadequado de medicamentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à não adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso para HAS e DM entre adultos residentes nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional com dados da Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL) de 2019. Foram incluídos indivíduos (≥ 18 anos) com diagnóstico de HAS e/ou DM. Não adesão ao tratamento medicamento para HAS e para DM foram os desfechos. As variáveis macrorregião de moradia, sexo, cor da pele, faixa etária, escolaridade, estado civil, autopercepção de saúde e posse de plano de saúde foram as exposições. Foram realizadas análises descritivas de todas as variáveis. Análises brutas utilizando o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e análises ajustadas utilizando Regressão de Poisson foram conduzidas para avaliar as associações. Foram estudados 52.443 indivíduos. As prevalências da não adesão para o tratamento medicamentoso para HAS e DM foram de 10,1% e 6,0%, respectivamente. Após análise ajustada, indivíduos do sexo feminino apresentaram uma menor probabilidade (RP: 0,67; IC95% 0,53-0,85) de não aderir ao tratamento medicamento para HAS, em comparação ao sexo masculino. A variável faixa-etária apresentou uma associação linear inversa com esse desfecho, ou seja, quanto maior a faixa etária, menor a probabilidade de não adesão ao tratamento medicamento para HAS (p<0,001). Não foram encontradas associações entre as variáveis independentes e a não adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso para DM. Em conclusão, destaca-se a necessidade de iniciativas e projetos governamentais que foquem nos grupos mais propensos à não adesão dos tratamentos medicamentosos

Sleep disorders are associated with both morning temporal and jaw pain among adults and elderly: a population-based study in Brazil

Objective Purpose: To assess the influence of sleep disorders on temporal and jaw pain in the morning in adults and elderly people. Methods: Population-based study with representative individuals aged 18 years or over. Individuals were selected using a multistage sampling procedure. The outcomes of morning jaw pain and morning temporal pain were assessed. Sleep bruxism, obstructive sleep apnea, and sleep quality were evaluated as exposure variables. Adjusted analysis was conducted using Poisson regression. All analysis was sex stratified. Results: 820 individuals were studied. Female with sleep bruxism were 1.37 times more likely to have morning temporal pain (p=0.041). Male and female with bruxism had a prevalence 160% and 97%, respectively, higher of morning jaw pain (male: p=0.003; female: p<0.001). Women with obstructive sleep apnea were 1.52 times more likely to have morning temporal pain (p=0.023). Men with poor sleep quality had a prevalence 190% higher of morning temporal pain (p=0.005). Conclusion: Morning craniofacial pain is more frequent in individuals with sleep disorders, and there are differences between sexes. Since more than one sleep disorder can be present in the same individual, studies that adjust the analyses for possible confounders are important to avoiding possible overlap between them

Household food insecurity before and during COVID-19 pandemic and its association with perceived stress: population-based studies

The growing prevalence of food insecurity observed in the last years, has been favored by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to mental health issues, such as stress. We aim to analyze the prevalence of household food insecurity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with perceived stress. We analyzed data from two population-based studies conducted in 2019 and 2020-2021 in the municipality of Criciúma, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Food insecurity and perceived stress were assessed with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale. The covariables were sex, age, skin color, schooling level, income, job status, marital status, household crowding, overweight, and diet quality. Crude and adjusted associations between food insecurity and perceived stress were assessed using Poisson regression. A total of 1,683 adult individuals were assessed. Prevalence of food insecurity was 25.8% in 2019, decreasing to 21.6% in 2020. Prevalence of perceived stress was about 38% for both years. Before the pandemic, food insecurity increased the prevalence of perceived stress by 29% (PR = 1.29; 95%CI: 1.02; 1.63), but no association was found during COVID-19. We found a worrying prevalence of food insecurity before and after de pandemic, nonetheless food insecurity and perceived stress were associated only in 2019. An assessment of these aspects after COVID-19 is needed to ensure basic life rights for all

Association between job lost and mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of food insecurity as mediator of this relationship

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the association between employment status and mental health, considering food insecurity as a mediator of this relation. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with adults (≥ 18 and < 60 years) during the COVID-19 outbreak in two cities from Southern Brazil. Employment status was categorized into working, not working, and lost job. The mental health outcomes evaluated were depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness. Food insecurity was identified by the short-form version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Adjusted analyses using Poisson regression were performed to assess the association between employment status and mental health. Mediation analysis was performed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of employment status on mental health outcomes. In total, 1,492 adults were analyzed. The not working status was associated with 53% and 74% higher odds of perceived stress and of sadness, respectively. Being dismissed during the pandemic increased the odds of depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness by 68%, 123%, and 128%, respectively. Mediation analyses showed that food insecurity was an important mediator of the association between employment status and depressive symptoms and sadness, but not of perceived stress. The complexity of these results highlights economic and nutritional aspects involved in mental health outcomes

Resumos concluídos - Nutrição

Resumos concluídos - Nutriçã