Dual Actions for Born-Infeld and Dp-Brane Theories

Dual actions with respect to U(1) gauge fields for Born-Infeld and $Dp$-brane theories are reexamined. Taking into account an additional condition, i.e. a corollary to the field equation of the auxiliary metric, one obtains an alternative dual action that does not involve the infinite power series in the auxiliary metric given by ref. \cite{s14}, but just picks out the first term from the series formally. New effective interactions of the theories are revealed. That is, the new dual action gives rise to an effective interaction in terms of one interaction term rather than infinite terms of different (higher) orders of interactions physically. However, the price paid for eliminating the infinite power series is that the new action is not quadratic but highly nonlinear in the Hodge dual of a $(p-1)$-form field strength. This non-linearity is inevitable to the requirement the two dual actions are equivalent.Comment: v1: 11 pages, no figures; v2: explanation of effective interactions added; v3: concision made; v4: minor modification mad

Use of serial analysis of gene expression to reveal the specific regulation of gene expression profile in asthmatic rats treated by acupuncture

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Asthma has become an important public health issue and approximately 300 million people have suffered from the disease worldwide. Nowadays, the use of acupuncture in asthma is increasing. This study intended to systematically analyze and compare the gene expression profiles between the asthmatic and acupuncture-treated asthmatic rat lung, and tried to gain insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the early airway response (EAR) phase of asthma treated by acupuncture.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Four tag libraries of serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) were established from lung tissues of control rats (CK), asthmatic rats (AS), asthmatic rats treated by acupuncture (ASAC), and control rats treated by acupuncture (CKAC). Bioinformatic analyses were carried out by using the methods including unsupervised hierarchical clustering, functional annotation tool of the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (DAVID), gene ontology (GO) tree machine, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were totally 186 differentially expressed tags (P < 0.05, P_CK/AS) between the libraries of CK and AS, 130 differentially expressed tags between libraries of AS/ASAC (P < 0.05, P_AS/ASAC), and 144 differentially expressed tags between libraries of CK/CKAC (P < 0.05, P_CK/CKAC). The gene expression profiles of AS and ASAC were more similar than other libraries via unsupervised SAGE clustering. By comparison of P_CK/ASand P_AS/ASAC, the DAVID genes functional classification was found to be changed from "immune response" to "response to steroid hormone stimulus", and the GO term "antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen" disappeared in P_AS/ASAC. Totally 3 same KEGG pathways were found among the three groups. Moreover, 21 specific tags of the acupuncture in treating asthma were detected using Venn diagrams.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our SAGE research indicates that the gene expression profile of the EAR phase of asthma could be effectively and specifically regulated by acupuncture, which suggests that the gene expression of immune response and steroid hormone may play an important role in the treatment.</p

CAE System for Framed Structure Using BEM

A CAE system which can be used to analyze both static and dynamic problems of framed structure is being developed. BEM (Boundary Element Method) is employed as the solver in this system. A lot of examples are made to verify exactness, usefulness and versatility of this system

Tuning the Framework Formation of Silver(I) Coordination Architectures with Heterocyclic Thioethers

The reactions of a series of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic thioether ligands, 2,2Ј-[methylenebis (thio) , with silver() nitrate or silver() perchlorate salt led to the formation of five new metal-organic supramolecular architectures from dinuclear to threedimensional structures. All the structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the crystal structures of the five complexes, a variety of coordination modes of Ag I have been observed, probably due to the variation of the chain length of the linker unit or the terminal groups as well as the counter anions, which indicates that the nature of the ligands is a determining factor in controlling the structural topologies of such metal-organic supramolecular architectures. Geometrical effects seem to be more important than electronic effects in these systems, leading the Ag I centre to prefer to coordinate to N donors first rather than S donors despite Ag I being a &apos;soft&apos; metal

Duration of viral shedding of Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection treated with oseltamivir and/or Traditional Chinese Medicine in China: A retrospective analysis

AbstractObjectiveH1N1 was a new and potentially serious infectious disease, in human, the severity of influenza can vary from mild to severe, thus to find an effective and safety way to control the influenza pandemic is of crucial importance. This retrospective study describes the duration of viral shedding in H1N1 patients that were hospitalized and treated in China.MethodsClinical data were collected from May to July, 2009 in China for 963 patients with influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Patients were treated based on the guidelines issued by the Chinese Ministry of Health. The primary outcome was duration of viral shedding and statistical comparisons were performed.ResultsIn the patients with body temperature greater than 38.0°C, there were no differences in virus shedding duration among the patients taking oseltamivir within two days, patients undergoing Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapy or those receiving no drug therapy. In patients with body temperature ≥38.1°C, TCM therapy reduced the viral shedding duration (P<0.05, vs. oseltamivir therapy). Furthermore, taking oseltamivir two days after onset of symptoms might prolong the virus shedding duration (P<0.05, vs. taking oseltamivir less than 2 days of onset).ConclusionTCM therapy is effective for reducing the length of virus shedding in patients with body temperature ≥38.0°C. Oseltamivir used for reducing virus shedding duration should be taken within two days of onset