Nutritional status of hemodialysis patients

Hemodialysis patients are vulnerable population group and they, among other, should take special care on food and fluid intake with emphasis on energy, potassium, phosphorus, sodium and protein intake. The nutritional status of patients (n=14) was assessed through measurement of body weight, body height, upper arm circumference, lower leg circumference and handgrip dynamometry; as well as selected biochemical parameters: urate concentration, calcium and phosphate levels, total protein, creatinine, albumin and globulin ratio and C-reactive protein; and dietary assessment method: 3-day food record (3DD). Using range between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2 as cut-off, 35.7 and 57% of patients were classified as adequately nourished and overweight, respectively. According to results of 3DD, most of the subjects are supposed to align their micro- and macro- nutrients intake with the recommendations, with emphasis on the increasing intake of protein and energy as well as on decreasing intake of potassium, phosphorus, sodium and energy

Perioperativna zdravstvena njega kod bolesnika s cistektomijom

Cistektomija je pojam koji označava potpuno uklanjanje mokraćnog mjehura. Cistektomija je radikalan zahvat, te se on vrši samo kada se druge metode liječenja pokažu neefikasne. Stupanj radikalnosti cistektomije ovisi o stupanju metastaze karcinoma, pozicije, te stupnju prodora karcinoma kroz stjenku mokraćnog mjehura. Karcinom prijelaznog epitela čini 90% svih slučajeva raka mokraćnog mjehura. Kroz dugo godina smrtnost prilikom cistektomije je bila velika ( 5-10%), međutim, vjerojatno zbog unapređenja kirurškog postupka, evolucije jedinice intenzivne njege, otkrića i dostupnosti novih antibiotika, radikalna cistektomija postaje učestali ozbiljan kirurški zahvat u bolničkim ustanovama. Zbog navedenih poboljšanja u medicini, moratalitet pacijenata kod radikalne cistektomije je pao na 1-2 %. Usprkos toga komplikacija cistektomije ima mnogo i pomno se odlučuje o vršenju tog zahvata. Opseg aktivnosti medicinske sestre u preoperativnom periodu je opširan. Temelji se na pripremi bolesnika pribora i okoline. Najčešće sestrinske dijagnoze u tom periodu su anksioznost, nedostatak znanja i strah

Perioperativna zdravstvena njega kod bolesnika s cistektomijom

Cistektomija je pojam koji označava potpuno uklanjanje mokraćnog mjehura. Cistektomija je radikalan zahvat, te se on vrši samo kada se druge metode liječenja pokažu neefikasne. Stupanj radikalnosti cistektomije ovisi o stupanju metastaze karcinoma, pozicije, te stupnju prodora karcinoma kroz stjenku mokraćnog mjehura. Karcinom prijelaznog epitela čini 90% svih slučajeva raka mokraćnog mjehura. Kroz dugo godina smrtnost prilikom cistektomije je bila velika ( 5-10%), međutim, vjerojatno zbog unapređenja kirurškog postupka, evolucije jedinice intenzivne njege, otkrića i dostupnosti novih antibiotika, radikalna cistektomija postaje učestali ozbiljan kirurški zahvat u bolničkim ustanovama. Zbog navedenih poboljšanja u medicini, moratalitet pacijenata kod radikalne cistektomije je pao na 1-2 %. Usprkos toga komplikacija cistektomije ima mnogo i pomno se odlučuje o vršenju tog zahvata. Opseg aktivnosti medicinske sestre u preoperativnom periodu je opširan. Temelji se na pripremi bolesnika pribora i okoline. Najčešće sestrinske dijagnoze u tom periodu su anksioznost, nedostatak znanja i strah

Utjecaj odabranih ksenobiotika na boju urina

Use of any xenobiotic can result in adverse effects which are often results of the effects of xenobiotic itself, its metabolites and complexes with endobiotics. Adverse effects can sometimes be serious, even life-threatening, and sometimes completely harmless. One type of adverse effects is change of urine colour after application of some xenobiotics. Urine colour change due to the xenobiotics application can be result of the colour of xenobiotic itself or the colour of its metabolites. Possible metabolic reactions that can result in urine discoloration include different oxidoreductions, mostly catalysed by cytochrome 450 enzymes, different conjugations, bacterial reactions, photolysis, complexation of metal cations and even chemical reaction with urinary catheter. Even though these adverse effects are mostly harmless, patients often develop fear and discomfort which can lead to reduced adherence in case of some drugs. Therefore, education of patients as well as health professionals about possible urine colour change after application of some xenobiotics is of importance. In this paper, effects of selected xenobiotics on the urine colour and their biochemical basis are given