18 research outputs found
Awareness and utilization of dental services among secondary school student in Moshi municipality
Aim: To determine the awareness and utilization of dental services among secondary school students in Moshi Municipality. Materials and Methodology: This cross sectional study among 200 secondary school students aged 13-21 years old was done using a supervised Kiswahili self administered questionnaire. Two schools were conveniently chosen to obtain the needed sample of participants into this study. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 13.0. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: About 55% of the participants were aware of the dental services rendered. Proportionately more males were aware of dental services (63.6%), and utilized the services (48.6%) than females (44.1% and 44.1% respectively). Older students were more aware of the dental services (56.6%) and less utilized them (41.0%) compared to younger students (52.6% and 55.1% respectively). Students who had moderate to high level of awareness utilized dental services more (59.1%) than those with low levels of awareness (40.8%). Conclusion: More than half of the respondents were aware of the available dental services. Only 46.5% had utilized dental services during their lifetime. Students with moderate to high levels of awareness utilized dental services more than those with low levels of awareness
Addressing climate change with behavioral science: a global intervention tournament in 63 countries
Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions’ effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior—several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people’s initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors
Addressing climate change with behavioral science:A global intervention tournament in 63 countries
Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions' effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior-several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people's initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors.</p
Addressing climate change with behavioral science:A global intervention tournament in 63 countries
Addressing climate change with behavioral science:A global intervention tournament in 63 countries
Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions' effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior-several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people's initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors.</p
The Role Of Urban Forestry In Mitigating Climate Change And Performing Environmental Services In Tanzania
The possibility of global climate change, due to increasing levels of CO2 concentrations is one of the key environmental concerns today, and the role of terrestrial vegetation management has received attention as a means of mitigating carbon emissions and climate change. In this study tree dimensions and assessment of plant species composition were used to quantify the potential of urban ecosystems in acting as carbon sink and mitigating climate change through carbon assimilation and storage and the potential of the system to enhance biodiversity conservation taking Morogoro Municipality as
a case study. Biomass/carbon models for trees were developed and used to predict biomass/carbon storage based on tree diameters. The model was in the form B =
0.5927DBH1.8316 (r2 =0.91, P< 0.01). The carbon content was computed as 50% of the
tree biomass. The tree carbon for Morogoro municipality ranged from 4.63±3.39 to
21.18±12.41t km-1 length of ground surface along roads and avenues. Newly established
areas seemed to have lower carbon storage potential while areas established earlier have
highest carbon storage potential. About 36 different tree species growing/planted in the
Morogoro municipal were identified, dominated by Senna siamea, Azadirachta
indica, Polyalthia longifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Pithecelobium dulce and
Mangifera indica. Apart from being natural amenity the tree species also act as CO2 sink
through photosynthesis and areas of ex-situ conservation of plant diversity. Urban forestry
can store large amount of carbon in addition to biodiversity conservation especially where
they cover extensive areas like parks, gardens and avenues managed over long periods, as is the case in urban ecosystems. Improved management of urban forests will likely improve
the potential for carbon storage by terrestrial vegetation as a means of mitigating CO2 emissions and climate change as well as biodiversity conservation. Keywords: Urban forestry - carbon emission - mitigation options - carbon sequestration - Biomass.Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation Vol. 77 2008: pp. 25-3
He role of urban forestry in mitigating climate change and performing environmental services in Tanzania
Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation, 77: 25-34The possibility of global climate change, due
to increasing levels of CO 2 concentrations is
one of the key environmental concerns today,
and the role of terrestrial vegetation
management has received attention as a means
of mitigating carbon emissions and climate
change. In this study tree dimensions and
assessment of plant species composition were
used to quantify the potential of urban
ecosystems in acting as carbon sink and
mitigating climate change through carbon
assimilation and storage and the potential of
the system to
enhance biodiversity
conservation taking Morogoro Municipality as
a case study. Biomass/carbon models for trees
were developed and used to predict
biomass/carbon storage based on tree
diameters. The model was in the form B =
0.5927DBH 1.8316 (r 2 =0.91, P< 0.01). The
carbon content was computed as 50% of the
tree biomass. The tree carbon for Morogoro
municipality ranged from 4.63±3.39 to
21.18±12.41t km -1 length of ground surface
along roads and avenues. Newly established
areas seemed to have lower carbon storage
potential while areas established earlier have
highest carbon storage potential. About 36
different tree species growing/planted in the
Morogoro
municipal
were
identified,
dominated by Senna siamea, Azadirachta
indica, Polyalthia longifolia, Leucaena
leucocephala, Pithecelobium dulce and
Mangifera indica. Apart from being natural
amenity the tree species also act as CO 2 sink
through photosynthesis and areas of ex-situ
conservation of plant diversity. Urban forestry
can store large amount of carbon in addition to
biodiversity conservation especially where
they cover extensive areas like parks, gardens
and avenues managed over long periods, as is
the case in urban ecosystems. Improved
management of urban forests will likely improve
the potential for carbon storage by terrestrial
vegetation as a means of mitigating CO 2 emissions
and climate change as well as biodiversity
conservation
He role of urban forestry in mitigating climate change and performing environmental services in Tanzania
Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation, 77: 25-34The possibility of global climate change, due
to increasing levels of CO 2 concentrations is
one of the key environmental concerns today,
and the role of terrestrial vegetation
management has received attention as a means
of mitigating carbon emissions and climate
change. In this study tree dimensions and
assessment of plant species composition were
used to quantify the potential of urban
ecosystems in acting as carbon sink and
mitigating climate change through carbon
assimilation and storage and the potential of
the system to
enhance biodiversity
conservation taking Morogoro Municipality as
a case study. Biomass/carbon models for trees
were developed and used to predict
biomass/carbon storage based on tree
diameters. The model was in the form B =
0.5927DBH 1.8316 (r 2 =0.91, P< 0.01). The
carbon content was computed as 50% of the
tree biomass. The tree carbon for Morogoro
municipality ranged from 4.63±3.39 to
21.18±12.41t km -1 length of ground surface
along roads and avenues. Newly established
areas seemed to have lower carbon storage
potential while areas established earlier have
highest carbon storage potential. About 36
different tree species growing/planted in the
Morogoro
municipal
were
identified,
dominated by Senna siamea, Azadirachta
indica, Polyalthia longifolia, Leucaena
leucocephala, Pithecelobium dulce and
Mangifera indica. Apart from being natural
amenity the tree species also act as CO 2 sink
through photosynthesis and areas of ex-situ
conservation of plant diversity. Urban forestry
can store large amount of carbon in addition to
biodiversity conservation especially where
they cover extensive areas like parks, gardens
and avenues managed over long periods, as is
the case in urban ecosystems. Improved
management of urban forests will likely improve
the potential for carbon storage by terrestrial
vegetation as a means of mitigating CO 2 emissions
and climate change as well as biodiversity
conservation
Strategies to improve trade in Dagaa (Rastrineobola argentea) from Lake Victoria
The production of dagaa (Rastrineobola argentea), one of three major commercial fish species in Lake Victoria, has increased and it now contributes 55% of the catch, but only16% of its value. Less than 30% of production is utilised for human consumption, with the rest being used for stock feed. This study assessed the dagaa trade to develop strategies to improve its contribution to nutrition, food security and incomes. It involved298 respondents from landing sites, markets, feed production industries, supermarkets and border posts while institutions involved with policy and data collection and management were also consulted. Dagaa offered livelihoods to women and youths as vulnerable groups. Uganda and Tanzania were exporters of dagaa while Kenya was an importer, while it was also exported to neighbouring countries. Prices and net revenues fluctuated seasonally and most of the catch was sun-dried on nets and on bare ground which resulted in high post-harvest losses. Most traders operated within their own countries and thus had little incentive to improve quality and meet food safety standards. Most dagaa were sold at the beaches but small quantities of were sold in supermarkets. It is recommended that institutions should strengthen policy, information, fisheries management, quality assurance, market regulation and data capture.Keywords: Dagaa; Post-harvest losses; Quality control, Trade; Utilisation; Value additio
A digital health algorithm to guide antibiotic prescription in pediatric outpatient care: a cluster randomized controlled trial.
Excessive antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance are major global public health threats. We developed ePOCT+, a digital clinical decision support algorithm in combination with C-reactive protein test, hemoglobin test, pulse oximeter and mentorship, to guide health-care providers in managing acutely sick children under 15 years old. To evaluate the impact of ePOCT+ compared to usual care, we conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial in Tanzanian primary care facilities. Over 11 months, 23,593 consultations were included from 20 ePOCT+ health facilities and 20,713 from 20 usual care facilities. The use of ePOCT+ in intervention facilities resulted in a reduction in the coprimary outcome of antibiotic prescription compared to usual care (23.2% versus 70.1%, adjusted difference -46.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -57.6 to -35.2). The coprimary outcome of day 7 clinical failure was noninferior in ePOCT+ facilities compared to usual care facilities (adjusted relative risk 0.97, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.10). There was no difference in the secondary safety outcomes of death and nonreferred secondary hospitalizations by day 7. Using ePOCT+ could help address the urgent problem of antimicrobial resistance by safely reducing antibiotic prescribing. Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT05144763