930 research outputs found
Recovery of fluctuation spectrum evolution from tomographic shear spectra
Forthcoming large angle surveys are planned to obtain high precision
tomographic shear data. In principle, they will allow us to recover the spectra
of matter density fluctuation, at various redshift, through the inversion of
the expressions yielding shear from fluctuation spectra. This was discussed in
previous work, where SVD techniques for matrix inversion were also shown to be
the optimal tool to this aim. Here we show the significant improvements
obtainable by using a 7 bin tomography, as allowed by future Euclid data, as
well as the question of error propagation from shear to fluctuation spectra. We
find that the technique is a promising tool, namely for the analysis of baryon
physics throug high-l shear spectra and to test the consistency between
expansion rate and fluctuation growth.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figure
The Mass Function of Nearby Galaxy Clusters
We present the distribution of virial masses for nearby galaxy clusters, as
obtained from a data-set of 75 clusters, each having at least 20 galaxy members
with measured redshifts within 1 Abell radius. After having accounted for
problems of incompleteness of the data-set, we fitted a power-law to the
cluster mass distribution.Comment: 10 pages (2 figures not included, available upon request), LATEX,
Ref.SISSA 54/93/
Evidence of a new low field cross-over in the vortex critical velocity of type-II superconducting thin films
We measure current-voltage characteristics as function of magnetic field and
temperature in Nb strips of different thickness and width. The instability
voltage of the flux flow state related to the vortex critical velocity v* is
studied and compared with the Larkin-Ovchinnikov theory. Beside the usual
power-law dependence v* ~ B^-1/2, in the low field range a new cross-over
field, Bcr1, is observed below which v* decreases by further lowering the
external magnetic field B. We ascribe this unexpected cross-over to vortex
channeling due to a fan-like penetration of the applied magnetic field as
confirmed by magneto-optic imaging. The observation of Bcr1 becomes a direct
evidence of a general feature in type-II superconducting films at low fields,
that is a channel-like vortex motion induced by the inhomogeneous magnetic
state caused by the relatively strong pinning
A new apparatus for deep patterning of beam sensitive targets by means of high-energy ion beam
The paper reports on a high precision equipment designed to modify over
3-dimensions (3D) by means of high-energy gold ions the local properties of
thin and thick films. A target-moving system aimed at creating patterns across
the volume is driven by an x-y writing protocol that allows one to modify beam
sensitive samples over micrometer-size regions of whatever shape. The apparatus
has a mechanical resolution of 15 nm. The issue of the local fluence
measurement has been particularly addressed. The setup has been checked by
means of different geometries patterned on beam sensitive sheets as well as on
superconducting materials. In the last case the 3D modification consists of
amorphous nanostructures. The nanostructures create zones with different
dissipative properties with respect to the virgin regions. The main analysis
method consists of magneto-optical imaging that provides local information on
the electrodynamics of the modified zones. Features typical of non-linear
current flow hint at which pattern geometry is more functional to applications
in the framework of nanostructures across superconducting films.Comment: 7 page
Nanosized patterns as reference structures for macroscopic transport properties and vortex phases in YBCO films
This paper studies the striking correlation between nanosized structural
patterns in YBCO films and macroscopic transport current. A nanosized network
of parallel Josephson junctions laced by insulating dislocations is almost
mimicking the grain boundary structural network. It contributes to the
macroscopic properties and accounts for the strong intergranular pinning across
the film in the intermediate temperature range. The correlation between the two
networks enables to find out an outstanding scaling law in the (Jc,B) plane and
to determine meaningful parameters concerning the matching between the vortex
lattice and the intergranular defect lattice. Two asymptotic behaviors of the
pinning force below the flux flow regime are checked: the corresponding vortex
phases are clearly individuated.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy applied to photoinduced reactions: how and why
Abstract: Time-resolved infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a widely used technique in the investigation of photoinduced reactions, given its capabilities of providing structural information about the presence of intermediates and the reaction mechanism. Despite the fact that it is used in several fields since the â80s, the communication between the different scientific communities (photochemists, photobiologists, etc.) has been to date quite limited. In some cases, this lack of communication happenedâand still happensâeven inside the same scientific community (for instance between specialists in ultrafast ps/fs IR and those in âfastâ ns/”s/ms IR). Even more surprising is the difficulty of non-specialists to understand the potential of time-resolved IR spectroscopy, despite the fact that IR spectroscopy is normally taught to all chemistry and material science students, and to several biology and physics students. This tutorial review aims at helping to solve these issues, first by providing a comprehensive but reader-friendly overview of the different techniques, and second, by focusing on five âcase studiesâ (from photobiology, gas-phase photocatalysis, photochemistry, semiconductors and metal-carbonyl complexes). We are confident that this approach can help the readerâwhichever is its backgroundâto understand the capabilities of time-resolved IR spectroscopy to study the mechanism of photoinduced reactions. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.
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