Hydrogel-thickened nanoemulsion with green coffee seed oil for topical delivery of vitamin A

Nanoemulsions are special emulsions that consist in a very small drop with sizes between 20 to 500 nm. When they are intended for topical application, the main problem of nanoemulsions is their low viscosity, which is reflex of the small drop size. It was proposed the attainment of hydrogel-thickned nanoemulsions with vitamin A palmitate (retinyl palmitate) with green coffee seed oil by phase inversion. Hydrogel-thickned nanoemulsions with drops size ranging between 77 to 110 nm were obtained, depending on the polymer used, with increased viscosity. Rheological profile of developed hydrogel-thickned nanoemulsions was determined, showing the influence of the kind of polymer used, here all presented pseudo-plastic behaviour, with different viscosity measurement. The improvement of the viscosity of the systems, associated with the small droplet size, can be very interesting for vitamin A delivery under the skin.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

The Role of Yeast and Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Production of Fermented Beverages in South America

Fermentation is one of the oldest forms of food preservation in the world. In South America, most fermented beverages are nondairy products featuring several other food raw materials such as cereals, fruits, and vegetables. Generally, natural fermentations are carried out by yeast and lactic acid bacteria forming a complex microbiota that acts in cooperation. Yeast have a prominent role in the production of beverages, due to the ability to accumulate high levels of ethanol and to produce highly desirable aroma compounds, but lactic acid bacteria are particularly important in fermentation because they produce desirable acids, flavor compounds, and peptides that inhibit the growth of undesirable organisms. Among the South America beverages based on cereals and vegetables, the fermented beverages chicha, caxiri, cauim and champús, and cachaça, a fermented and distilled beverage, could be cited. Genetic and physiological analyses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from cachaça have been shown to present interesting traits for beer production, such as flocculation and production of aroma compounds, fundamental to high-quality beer. The study of these traditional beverages allows the identification of new microorganism strains displaying enhanced resistance or new flavor and aroma profiles that could lead to applications in several industries and ultimately new products

Development of nanoemulsion containing extracts of the fruits of Syagrus romanzoffiana and phytochemical study of these extracts.

Os produtos cosméticos que contém substâncias ativas de origem vegetal apresentam grande aceitação do público consumidor, aliado a nanotecnologia que apresenta diversas vantagens em relação às formulações convencionais como maior estabilidade, aspecto sensorial agradável, alta capacidade de espalhabilidade e hidratação, podendo ainda facilitar a penetração de ativos na pele, sendo assim estes produtos se tornam um importante campo de estudo de novos produtos. O estudo de extratos vegetais para aplicação em fitocosméticos tem como um dos alvos a capacidade antioxidante destes compostos vegetais, sendo utilizados na prevenção do envelhecimento da pele pela ação de radicais livres, sendo assim esta pesquisa teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e a caracterização de nanoemulsões contendo extratos dos frutos de Syagrus romanzoffiana, bem como a caracterização fitoquímicas e avaliação da atividade antioxidante destes extratos. Utilizou-se tensoativos não iônicos pelo método de inversão de fases para a obtenção de nanoemulsões a partir do óleo de esqualano a 10% contendo estes extratos. No presente estudo além da capacidade antioxidante destes extratos pelo método de seqüestro de radicais livres por DPPH, as formulações foram avaliadas aspectos fisico-químicos, comportamento reológico, granulometria, além da capacidade de aumentar a liberação de ativos através de experimentos in vitro, utilizando o modelo de células de Franz, para essa avaliação utilizou-se o ácido retinóico nanoemulsionado e um produto comercial. Os resultados demonstraram que as concentrações dos extratos, tanto hexânico com o etanólico, suficientes para apresentar atividade são facilmente incorporadas as nanoemulsões, sendo que estas apresentam excelentes características quanto a sua estabilidade. A análise fitoquímica possibilitou a caracterização do 1,3 – dipalmitoilglicerol e a identificação de onze ácidos graxos de cadeia longa no extrato hexânico, além da caracterização da sacarose no extrato etanólico. Além disso, o estudo de liberação do ácido retinóico demonstrou que as nanoemulsões formuladas apresentaram liberaram mais rápida quando comparado com a emulsão comercial, o que sugere uma boa liberação tópica de produtos transportados por este veículo.Cosmetic products containing active substances of plant origin have great acceptance from consumers, combined with nanotechnology that presents several advantages over conventional formulations such as greater stability, pleasant sensory aspect, high spreadability and hydration, and may also facilitate the penetration of active in the skin. So these formulations become an important research field for development of new products. The study of plant extracts for application in phytocosmetic has as a target the antioxidant capacity of these plant compounds, being used for the prevention of skin aging by the action of free radicals, so this research was aimed to the development and characterization of nanoemulsion containing extracts of the fruits of Syagrus romanzoffiana as well as the phytochemical characterization and evaluation of the antioxidant properties of these extracts. We used phase inversion method and non-ionic surfactants for obtaining nanoemulsions of squalane oil containing these extracts. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of these extracts were measured by the method of sequestration of free radicals by DPPH, and the formulations were also evaluated in their physico-chemical aspects, rheological behavior, droplet size, and the ability to increase the release of actives by in vitro experiments, using Franz Diffusion Cell model. For this evaluation we used retinoic acid nanoemulsion and a commercial product. Results showed that the concentrations of the extracts, both hexanic and ethanolic, sufficient to produce antioxidant activity are easily incorporated in the nanoemulsions, and they have presented excellent characteristics as their stability. The phytochemical analysis allowed the characterization of 1,3 – dipalmitoyl – glycerol and identification of eleven long-chain fatty acids in the hexane extract, besides the characterization of sucrose in the ethanolic extract. Furthermore, the release study showed that nanoemulsions made the release of retinoic acid more rapidly when compared with the commercial emulsion, which suggests a good topical delivery system of drugs and active incorporated in this vehicle

An?lise polig?nica da toler?ncia ao alum?nio em Saccharomyces cerevisiae por mapeamento de QTL.

Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Biotecnologia. N?cleo de Pesquisas em Ci?ncias Biol?gicas, Pr?-Reitoria de Pesquisa de P?s Gradua??o, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.O bioetanol ? um produto de grande import?ncia econ?mica, principalmente devido a sua utiliza??o como combust?vel renov?vel. A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae utiliza a sacarose obtida da cana-de-a??car para produzir bioetanol por fermenta??o. Alguns fatores diminuem a capacidade fermentativa dessa levedura, por exemplo, a presen?a de Al3+ no caldo de cana-de-a??car, levando a um aumento do tempo de fermenta??o e menor produ??o de bioetanol. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a an?lise polig?nica da toler?ncia ao alum?nio em Saccharomyces cerevisiae utilizando a t?cnica de mapeamento de QTLs (Quantitative Trait Locus). Uma triagem entre 840 estirpes de leveduras isoladas de diferentes ambientes foi feita a fim de selecionar uma altamente tolerante ao alum?nio. Dentre as estirpes testadas, a levedura denominada Bruggeman Fresh apresentou crescimento e melhor desempenho fermentativo em presen?a de 5 mM de Al2(SO4)3. A estirpe PE-2, amplamente utilizada na produ??o de etanol pela ind?stria brasileira, apresentou uma maior sensibilidade ao alum?nio. Estas duas leveduras, Bruggeman Fresh e PE-2, foram escolhidas para a estrat?gia de an?lise polig?nica para o fen?tipo de resist?ncia ao alum?nio adotada neste estudo. Ap?s esporula??o e disseca??o das t?trades, os parentais superior e inferior foram selecionados e cruzados dando origem ao h?brido diploide. Foi realizado um pr?-teste em meio s?lido contendo alum?nio com 658 segregantes obtidos a partir desse h?brido diploide, sendo que 150 segregantes foram selecionados e submetidos ao teste fermentativo. A partir do teste da performance fermentativa em presen?a de Al2(SO4)3, 30 segregantes foram selecionados como fen?tipo superior (alta toler?ncia ao alum?nio). Foi realizada a extra??o do DNA gen?mico desses 30 segregantes agrupados e 120 segregantes n?o selecionados (agrupados randomicamente), assim como das estirpes parentais superior e inferior e sequenciadas. A partir das an?lises das sequ?ncias e mapeamento de QTL foi encontrada uma regi?o no cromossomo VI com grande liga??o ao fen?tipo de interesse, observado devido ? diferen?a na frequ?ncia dos SNPs entre os grupos selecionado e n?o selecionado. Ap?s a an?lise de reciprocidade hemizig?tica, foi identificado que o gene FAB1 tem um importante papel sobre a toler?ncia ao alum?nio em S. cerevisiae.Bioethanol is a product of great economic importance, mainly due to its use as a renewable fuel. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae uses the sucrose obtained from sugarcane to produce bioethanol by fermentation. Some factors decrease its fermentation capacity, such as the presence of Al3+ in sugarcane juice, leading to an increase in fermentation time and lower production of bioethanol. This work aimed to perform the polygenic analysis of aluminum tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping technique. A screening of 840 isolated yeast strains from different environments was done in order to select a highly tolerant to aluminum one. Among the tested strains, the yeast denominated Bruggeman Fresh showed growth and better fermentative performance in the presence of 5 mM Al2(SO4)3. The PE-2 strain, widely used in the production of ethanol by the Brazilian industry, showed higher sensitivity to aluminum. These two yeasts, Bruggeman Fresh and PE-2, were chosen for the polygenic analysis strategy for the aluminum resistance phenotype in this study. After sporulation and dissection of the tetrad, the superior and inferior parent were selected and crossed to give rise to the diploid hybrid. A pre-test was carried out in solid medium containing aluminum with 658 segregants obtained from this hybrid diploid, 150 segregants were selected and submitted to the fermentation test. From the fermentation performance test in presence of Al2(SO4)3, 30 segregants were selected as superior phenotype (high tolerance to aluminum). Genomic DNA was extracted from these 30 grouped segregants and 120 non-selected segregators (random group), as well as the upper and lower and sequenced parental strains. From the analysis of the sequences and mapping of QTL, a region was found on chromosome VI with great connection to the phenotype of interest, observed due to the difference in the frequency of SNPs between the selected and non-selected groups. After the hemizygous reciprocity analysis it was identified that the FAB1 gene has an important role on aluminum tolerance in S. cerevisiae

Development of nanoemulsion containing extracts of the fruits of Syagrus romanzoffiana and phytochemical study of these extracts.

Os produtos cosméticos que contém substâncias ativas de origem vegetal apresentam grande aceitação do público consumidor, aliado a nanotecnologia que apresenta diversas vantagens em relação às formulações convencionais como maior estabilidade, aspecto sensorial agradável, alta capacidade de espalhabilidade e hidratação, podendo ainda facilitar a penetração de ativos na pele, sendo assim estes produtos se tornam um importante campo de estudo de novos produtos. O estudo de extratos vegetais para aplicação em fitocosméticos tem como um dos alvos a capacidade antioxidante destes compostos vegetais, sendo utilizados na prevenção do envelhecimento da pele pela ação de radicais livres, sendo assim esta pesquisa teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e a caracterização de nanoemulsões contendo extratos dos frutos de Syagrus romanzoffiana, bem como a caracterização fitoquímicas e avaliação da atividade antioxidante destes extratos. Utilizou-se tensoativos não iônicos pelo método de inversão de fases para a obtenção de nanoemulsões a partir do óleo de esqualano a 10% contendo estes extratos. No presente estudo além da capacidade antioxidante destes extratos pelo método de seqüestro de radicais livres por DPPH, as formulações foram avaliadas aspectos fisico-químicos, comportamento reológico, granulometria, além da capacidade de aumentar a liberação de ativos através de experimentos in vitro, utilizando o modelo de células de Franz, para essa avaliação utilizou-se o ácido retinóico nanoemulsionado e um produto comercial. Os resultados demonstraram que as concentrações dos extratos, tanto hexânico com o etanólico, suficientes para apresentar atividade são facilmente incorporadas as nanoemulsões, sendo que estas apresentam excelentes características quanto a sua estabilidade. A análise fitoquímica possibilitou a caracterização do 1,3 – dipalmitoilglicerol e a identificação de onze ácidos graxos de cadeia longa no extrato hexânico, além da caracterização da sacarose no extrato etanólico. Além disso, o estudo de liberação do ácido retinóico demonstrou que as nanoemulsões formuladas apresentaram liberaram mais rápida quando comparado com a emulsão comercial, o que sugere uma boa liberação tópica de produtos transportados por este veículo.Cosmetic products containing active substances of plant origin have great acceptance from consumers, combined with nanotechnology that presents several advantages over conventional formulations such as greater stability, pleasant sensory aspect, high spreadability and hydration, and may also facilitate the penetration of active in the skin. So these formulations become an important research field for development of new products. The study of plant extracts for application in phytocosmetic has as a target the antioxidant capacity of these plant compounds, being used for the prevention of skin aging by the action of free radicals, so this research was aimed to the development and characterization of nanoemulsion containing extracts of the fruits of Syagrus romanzoffiana as well as the phytochemical characterization and evaluation of the antioxidant properties of these extracts. We used phase inversion method and non-ionic surfactants for obtaining nanoemulsions of squalane oil containing these extracts. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of these extracts were measured by the method of sequestration of free radicals by DPPH, and the formulations were also evaluated in their physico-chemical aspects, rheological behavior, droplet size, and the ability to increase the release of actives by in vitro experiments, using Franz Diffusion Cell model. For this evaluation we used retinoic acid nanoemulsion and a commercial product. Results showed that the concentrations of the extracts, both hexanic and ethanolic, sufficient to produce antioxidant activity are easily incorporated in the nanoemulsions, and they have presented excellent characteristics as their stability. The phytochemical analysis allowed the characterization of 1,3 – dipalmitoyl – glycerol and identification of eleven long-chain fatty acids in the hexane extract, besides the characterization of sucrose in the ethanolic extract. Furthermore, the release study showed that nanoemulsions made the release of retinoic acid more rapidly when compared with the commercial emulsion, which suggests a good topical delivery system of drugs and active incorporated in this vehicle

Attainment of hydrogel-thickened nanoemulsions with tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) and retinyl palmitate.

We propose the development of hydrogel-thickned nanoemulsions (HTNs) with tea tree essential oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) and vitamin A palmitate (retinyl palmitate). Nanoemulsions and HTNs were produced by the use of phase inversion method, employing non-ionic surfactants. As surfactant phase were used sorbitan esters and hydrogenated/ethoxylated castor oil. HTNs with drops size ranging between 86 to 96 nm were obtained, depending on the polymer used, with increased viscosity. Rheological profile of developed HTNs was determined, showing the influence of the kind of polymer used, here all presented pseudo-plastic behaviour, with different viscosity measurement

Biotechnological potential of yeast isolates from cachaça: the brazilian spirit

This study identified phenotypic traits appropriate for biotechnological applications of 118 yeasts isolated from cachaça distilleries. Different properties were verified: capacity to use alternative carbon sources; ability to tolerate high concentrations of sucrose, ethanol, methanol, aluminum and zinc as well as different pH values and foam production. Pichia guilliermondii and Pichia anomala strains were identified as the most promising ones for application in the second-generation biofuel industry, showing ability to grow on high glycerol concentrations. Other isolates, identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, produced bioethanol comparable to the industrial strains, and were therefore ideal for use in the first-generation ethanol industry. Some of these strains also showed high resistance to aluminum, as observed in sugarcane juice, and to inter-cycle washings with diluted sulphuric acid, as performed in the industrial bioethanol production process. In summary, yeast isolates from cachaça distilleries displayed robustness and phenotypic plasticity, which makes them interesting for biotechnological applications.This work was supported by grants from Fundação de Capacitação de Pessoal de Nível Superior from the Ministry of Education, CAPES/Brazil (PNPD 2755/2011; PCF-PVE 021/2012) and from Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais, FAPEMIG (Process APQ-00263-10) and a research fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq (Brazil) Process 304815/2012. C. Lucas is supported by FCT/MEC through Portuguese funds (PIDDAC), PEst-OE/BIA/UI4050/2014 and by a grant of Visiting Professor from the programme “Ciência sem Fronteiras”, CAPES, Brazil, Process 2021/2012.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio