Manejo de la preeclampsia / eclampsia en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal

Preeclampsia is a progressive and irreversible disease that affects multiple organs and because it will harm the mother and fetus, is responsible for a considerable proportion of maternal and perinatal deaths. Complicates 3 to 22% of pregnancies and is the second leading cause of maternal death in Peru 2013 with 38%, and the leading cause of maternal death in the National Maternal Perinatal Institute with 43%. The clinical spectrum of preeclampsia ranges from mild to severe forms. The diagnostic criteria of preeclampsia are hypertension and proteinuria, however most Proteinuria 5 g no longer considered as a criterion of severe preeclampsia. Carried out a review of the new contributions in the management of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia and the management of one of its most serious complications sucha as the liver rupture.La preeclampsia es una enfermedad de carácter progresiva e irreversible que afecta múltiples órganos y debido a que lesiona a la madre y al feto, es responsable de una proporción considerable de muertes maternas y perinatales. Complica el 3 al 22% de los embarazos y es la segunda causa de muerte materna en el Perú en el 2014 con el 38%, y la primera causa de muerte materna en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal con el 43%. El espectro clínico de la preeclampsia varía desde formas leves a severas. Los criterios de diagnóstico de preeclampsia son hipertensión y proteinuria, sin embargo la proteínuria mayor de 5 grs ya no se considera como un criterio de preeclampsia severa. Se hace una revisión de los nuevos aportes en el manejo de la preeclampsia severa y eclampsia y en el manejo de una de sus complicaciones más graves como es la rotura hepática

Implementation of a mixed model of inperson and virtual prenatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic at the National Maternal Perinatal Institute in Lima-Peru

La pandemia del coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) y las medidas instauradas para su control significaron la interrupción de la atención prenatal, con potencial riesgo en la salud materna y fetal. Por otro lado, la atención prenatal convencional presencial implicaría exposición y riesgo de infección en pacientes y proveedores de salud. El Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP) ha incorporado la teleconsulta como parte de un nuevo modelo de atención prenatal mixto, cuyo objetivo es disminuir las citas presenciales y, por tanto, el contacto y riesgo de transmisión viral. El paquete de atención prenatal incluye actividades esenciales para atender gestantes en edades gestacionales específicas con mayor impacto en los desenlaces perinatales y maternos. Este nuevo modelo podría generalizarse a nivel nacional y ser parte de la solución a las disparidades de atención en el Perú, mediante políticas del uso de la telemedicina en la atención prenatal que faciliten su implementación, así como su sostenibilidad después de la pandemia de COVID-19.The coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic and the measures implemented for its control meant the interruption of prenatal care, with potential risk to maternal and fetal health. However, conventional in-person prenatal care would imply exposure and risk of infection in patients and health care providers. The Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP) has incorporated teleconsultation as part of a new model of mixed prenatal care, which aims to reduce in-person appointments and, therefore, the contact and risk of viral transmission. The prenatal care package performs essential activities to care for pregnant women of specific gestational ages with a greater impact on perinatal and maternal outcomes. This new model could be generalized nationally and be part of the solution to the disparities of healthcare in Peru, through policies for the use of telemedicine in prenatal care that fa e its implementation, as well as its sustainability after the COVID-19 pandemic

Recomendaciones en gestantes durante la pandemia COVID-19

Se sabe que las mujeres embarazadas experimentan cambios inmunológicos y fisiológicos que pueden hacerlas más susceptibles a las infecciones respiratorias virales, incluido COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2,).  Diversos estudios revelaron que las mujeres embarazadas con diferentes enfermedades respiratorias virales tenían un alto riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones obstétricas y resultados adversos perinatales en comparación con las mujeres no grávidas, debido a los cambios en las respuestas inmunes1-8.  También sabemos que las mujeres embarazadas pueden estar en riesgo de enfermedad grave, morbilidad o mortalidad en comparación con la población general, tal y como se observa en los casos de otras infecciones por coronavirus relacionadas [incluido el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV) y el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio del Medio Oriente (MERS- CoV)] y otras infecciones respiratorias virales, como la gripe H1N1, durante el embarazo

Caracterización del aborto terapéutico en un Hospital nivel III de Perú durante 12 años de experiencia

Objective: To describe maternal characteristics and management of therapeutic abortion in women treated in a level III hospital in Peru, during 12 years of experience. Materials and Methods: Observational and retrospective study. All pregnant women who had a therapeutic interruption of pregnancy participated. The medical history of patients treated at the National Maternal Perinatal Institute of Peru, between 2009 and 2020 was reviewed. Results: 385 pregnant women were attended. The mean age was 30.4 years; 45% were nulliparous; and 51% had between 19 and 22 weeks of gestation. The causes were 7.5% due to risk of the life of the pregnant woman and 92.5% due to risk in the physical and mental health of the pregnant woman. 30% presented fetuses with multiple malformations. Uterine curettage was performed in 81%, 15.6% manual vacuum aspiration, six cases of hysterotomy. There were no cases of maternal death and complications were 5.5%. Conclusion: The cases of therapeutic interruption of pregnancy were mainly to avoid risks in the physical and mental health of the pregnant woman. The majority of the pregnant woman had fetuses with congenital malformations. The procedures performed presented a low frequency of maternal complications.   Objetivo: Describir las características maternas y manejo del aborto terapéutico en mujeres atendidas en un Hospital nivel III de Perú, durante 12 años de experiencia. Materiales y Métodos: Participaron todas las gestantes que tuvieron interrupción terapéutica del embarazo. Se revisó el historial médico de pacientes atendidas en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal de Perú, entre el 2009 y 2020. Resultados: Fueron atenidas 385 gestantes. La edad media fue 30,4 años; 45% fueron nulíparas; y el 51% tuvo entre 19 y 22 semanas de gestación. Las causas fueron 7,5% por riesgo de la vida de la gestante y 92,5% por riesgo en la salud física y mental de la gestante. El 30% presentaron fetos con múltiples malformaciones. En el 81% se realizó legrado uterino, 15,6% aspiración manual endouterina, seis casos de histerotomía. No hubo casos de muerte materna y las complicaciones fueron del 5,5%. Conclusiones: Los casos de interrupción terapéutica del embarazo fueron mayormente para evitar riesgos en la salud física y mental de la gestante. La mayoría presentaba fetos con malformaciones congénitas. Los procedimientos realizados presentaron baja frecuencia de complicaciones maternas

Development of a Mobile Health Application Based on a Mixed Prenatal Care in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic

OBJECTIVE: We describe the development and structure of a novel mobile application in a mixed model of prenatal care, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we assess the acceptability of this mobile app in a cohort of patients. METHODS: First, we introduced a mixed model of prenatal care; second, we developed a comprehensive, computer-based clinical record to support our system. Lastly, we built a novel mobile app as a tool for prenatal care. We used Flutter Software version 2.2 to build the app for Android and iOS smartphones. A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the acceptability of the app. RESULTS: First, we introduced a mixed model of prenatal care; second, we developed a comprehensive, computer-based clinical record to support our system. Lastly, we built a novel mobile app as a tool for prenatal care. We used Flutter Software version 2.2 to build the app for Android and iOS smartphones. A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the acceptability of the app. CONCLUSION: This novel mobile app was developed as a tool among pregnant patients to increase the information available about their pregnancies in the provision of a mixed model of prenatal care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was fully customized to the needs of our users following the local protocols. The introduction of this novel mobile app was highly accepted by the patients

Caracterización epidemiológica, anticoncepción y bienestar psicológico en mujeres a dos años post aborto terapéutico

Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics, contraception and psychological well-being in a series of women two years after therapeutic abortion. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive study of a series of cases. The women whose therapeutic abortion procedure was performed at the National Maternal Perinatal Institute of Peru in 2018 participated and who at the time of the interview had passed two years, with prior informed consent. Sociodemographic data, obstetric profile, family planning method before therapeutic abortion and current were collected. The BIEPS Scale was applied to measure the psychological well-being of the participants two years after therapeutic abortion. Descriptive analysis was carried out and the identity of the participants was safeguarded. Results: 12 women were studied two years after presenting therapeutic abortion. At the time of the therapeutic abortion, they were between 21 and 38 years old, the gestational age was between 14 and 22 weeks, of the 12 cases, five women did not use contraception. All cases presented fetal pathology, being more frequent hydrops fetalis and cystic hygroma. All the women had altered mental health. The most frequent abortion procedure used was the use of misoprostol and uterine curettage, in 11 cases. After the therapeutic abortion, 7 out of 12 did not use any method, 5 women had a high degree of psychological well-being and 7 a high level. In the evaluated domains of psychological well-being, the highest scores were in purpose in life (11 cases out of 12), followed by self-acceptance (10 cases out of 12) and personal growth (3 cases out of 12). While, the domains with a mean score were positive relationships, autonomy and domain of the environment. Conclusions: These findings suggest that women with a pregnancy with a fetus with congenital malformations incompatible with life presented an alteration in their mental health. Under these conditions, the women presented a therapeutic interruption of their pregnancy; and after two years they presented adequate psychological well-being.Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas, anticoncepción y bienestar psicológico en una serie de mujeres a dos años de post aborto terapéutico. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de una serie de casos. Participaron las mujeres cuyo procedimiento de aborto terapéutico fue realizado en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal del Perú el año 2018 y que al momento de la entrevista hayan transcurrido dos años, previo consentimiento informado. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, perfil obstétrico, método de planificación familiar antes del aborto terapéutico y actual. Se aplicó la Escala BIEPS para medir el bienestar psicológico de las participantes a dos años post aborto terapéutico. Se efectuó análisis descriptivo y se salvaguardó la identidad de las participantes. Resultados: Se estudiaron 12 mujeres a dos años de presentar aborto terapéutico. Al momento del aborto terapéutico tenían una edad entre 21 y 38 años, la edad gestacional se encontraba entre 14 y 22 semanas, de los 12 casos cinco mujeres no usaban métodos de anticoncepción. Todos los casos presentaban patología fetal, siendo más frecuente Hidrops fetal e higroma quístico. Todas las mujeres tenían alteración en su salud mental. El procedimiento de aborto más frecuente empleado fue el uso de misoprostol y legrado uterino, en 11 casos. Posterior al aborto terapéutico 7 de 12 no usaron algún método, 5 mujeres presentaron un grado de bienestar psicológico elevado y 7 un nivel alto. En los dominios evaluados de bienestar psicológico los puntajes más altos fueron en propósito en la vida (11 casos de 12), seguido de auto aceptación (10 casos de 12) y crecimiento personal (3 casos de 12). Mientras que, los dominios con una puntuación media fueron relaciones positivas, autonomía y dominio del entorno. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos sugieren que las mujeres con una gestación con un feto con malformaciones congénitas incompatibles con la vida presentaban una alteración en su salud mental. En estas condiciones, las mujeres presentaron una interrumpen terapéutica de su embarazo; y posteriormente a dos años presentaron un bienestar psicológico adecuado

Prevalencia y caracterización de gestantes seropositivas para SARS-CoV-2

Objective: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of seropositive pregnant women for SARS-CoV-2. Material and methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study. Performed in pregnant women screened for SARS-CoV-2 who met selection criteria at hospital admission. Variables of maternal characteristics, pregnancy complications and newborn condition were collected from the respective medical history. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and 95% confidence intervals. Results: 1477 pregnant women admitted to hospitalization were screened, identifying a seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 5.28% (95% CI: 4.22% -6.57%). Among the cases of positive seroprevalence, IgM 11.5% (95% CI: 5.7% -21.3%), IgM / IgG 64.1% (95% CI: 5.7% -21.3%), IgG 19% (95% CI: 15.7% and 35.6) were observed %), 91% of seropositive pregnant women were asymptomatic, 40% of seropositive pregnant women presented some type of pregnancy complication, being more frequent premature rupture of membranes (14.1%), abortion (4.1%) and threat of preterm delivery (4.1%) . Of the pregnant women who finished in labor, 69.6% were vaginally, and 11.6% were preterm. There were no maternal deaths or newborn deaths. Conclusion. Pregnant women with hospitalization criteria for delivery care or pregnancy morbidity have a prevalence of positive serology for SARS-CoV-2 of 5.28%; they are mostly asymptomatic. Possible effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus are not ruled out due to the findings of preterm labor, premature membrane rupture and spontaneous abortion.      Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia y características de las gestantes seropositivas para SARS-CoV-2. Material y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo. Realizado en gestantes tamizadas para SARS-CoV-2 que cumplieron criterios de selección al ingreso hospitalario. Se recogieron variables de las características maternas, complicaciones del embarazo y condición del recién nacido a partir del historial médico respectivo. El análisis de datos se realizó utilizando estadígrafos descriptivos e intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados: Se tamizaron 1477 embarazadas ingresadas a hospitalización, identificando una seroprevalencia de anticuerpos anti-SARS-CoV-2 en el 5.28% (IC95%: 4.22%-6.57%). Entre los casos de seroprevalencia positiva, se observó IgM 11.5% (IC95%: 5.7%-21.3%), IgM/IgG 64.1% (IC95%: 5.7%-21.3%), IgG 19% (IC95%: 15.7% y 35.6%), 91% de gestantes seropositivas fueron asintomáticas, 40% de gestantes seropositivas presentó algún tipo de complicación del embarazo, siendo más frecuente ruptura prematura de membranas (14.1%), aborto (4.1%) y amenaza de parto pretermino (4.1%). De las gestantes que culminaron en parto el 69.6% fue vía vaginal, encontrándose un 11.6% de parto pretermino. No hubo muertes maternas ni muertes en recién nacidos. Conclusión: Las gestantes con criterios de hospitalización para atención del parto o por morbilidad del embarazo presentan una prevalencia de serología positiva para SARS-CoV-2 del 5.28%; mayormente son asintomáticas. No se descarta posibles efectos del virus SARS-CoV-2 ante los hallazgos de parto pretermino, ruptura prematura de membrana y aborto espontáneo.      &nbsp

Colombian surgical outcomes study insights on perioperative mortality rate, a main indicator of the lancet commission on global surgery – a prospective cohort studyResearch in context

Summary: Background: Surgical care holds significant importance in healthcare, especially in low and middle-income countries, as at least 50% of the 4.2 million deaths within the initial 30 days following surgery take place in these countries. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed six indicators to enhance surgical care. In Colombia, studies have been made using secondary data. However, strategies to reduce perioperative mortality have not been implemented. This study aims to describe the fourth indicator, perioperative mortality rate (POMR), with primary data in Colombia. Methods: A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted across 54 centres (hospitals) in Colombia. Each centre selected a 7-day recruitment period between 05/2022 and 01/2023. Inclusion criteria involved patients over 18 years of age undergoing surgical procedures in operating rooms. Data quality was ensured through a verification guideline and statistical analysis using mixed-effects multilevel modelling with a case mix analysis of mortality by procedure-related, patient-related, and hospital-related conditions. Findings: 3807 patients were included with a median age of 48 (IQR 32–64), 80.3% were classified as ASA I or II, and 27% of the procedures had a low-surgical complexity. Leading procedures were Orthopedics (19.2%) and Gynaecology/Obstetrics (17.7%). According to the Clavien–Dindo scale, postoperative complications were distributed in major complications (11.7%, 10.68–12.76) and any complication (31.6%, 30.09–33.07). POMR stood at 1.9% (1.48–2.37), with elective and emergency surgery mortalities at 0.7% (0.40–1.23) and 3% (2.3–3.89) respectively. Interpretation: The POMR was higher than the ratio reported in previous national studies, even when patients had a low–risk profile and low-complexity procedures. The present research represents significant public health progress with valuable insights for national decision-makers to improve the quality of surgical care. Funding: This work was supported by Universidad del Rosario and Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología grant number CTO-057-2021, project-ID IV-FGV017