Temporary Protection: Towards a New Regional and Domestic Framework

During the past thirty-five years, the United States has seen the direct influx of thousands of individuals leaving politically unstable countries. While some seeking entry have proved themselves to be refugees and obtained permanent protection in the United States, far more, including a large number of people fleeing civil war, natural disasters, or comparable forms of upheaval in their home countries, have failed to demonstrate that they would be targets of persecution. Yet, their return to their home countries has been complicated by the very circumstances that led to their flight: conflict, violence, and repression. Over time, the United States developed a series of ad hoc responses that protected such individuals, culminating in the Immigration Act of 1990 (“IMMACT”), which provided legislative authority for Temporary Protected Status (“TPS”). Nevertheless, after eight years, many problems remain in the application of the law. Solving these problems will contribute both to better immigration control and more humane responses to future crises. Current policies fail on two accounts. First, the temporary protection provision in the law generally has failed to protect the vast majority of those in danger as a crisis develops and unfolds. If the United States government protects significant numbers at all, protection is provided outside the confines of the United States. Even so, the mechanisms for responding extraterritorially are not well developed. Second, current policies regarding protection in the United States do not provide the control mechanisms to ensure that protection is not abused and that return, when appropriate, is effected. The choice to admit people for temporary protection has been a difficult one for the United States for two main reasons: the lack of control over entry; and the inability to implement a fair but firm end game. These constraints together with the fear of litigation challenging domestic protection regimes have led policymakers to keep protection seekers offshore, such as on Guantanamo, or to return them directly to countries they fled without providing an opportunity for them to present requests for protection. But not having a fully developed regional or domestic capability for addressing these complex movements comes at a considerable cost. Estimates for the agency costs of handling the 1994 Cuban exodus through the use of offshore safe havens were more than $500 million. Further, an immigration system that cannot fairly and efficiently process protection seekers lacks credibility for which it pays a significant public cost

Protecting The Nest: Contact Tracing And The COVID-19 Pandemic At Otterbein

My experience started initially by completing the COVID-19 Contact Tracing course offered through Johns Hopkins, which immersed me into the world of contact tracing which I had been completely unfamiliar with before. In the beginning of the fall semester in August 2019, the Otterbein Contact Tracing Program consisted of just Danielle Kilboy and myself, and we initially handled all COVID-19 cases among students on the Otterbein campus. Although we had both gone through the training program, there were many situations throughout the semester that we could not possibly prepare for and we would have to continue learning as we navigated the school year. Our missions was simple yet challenging, keep the campus and everyone on it as safe as possible. Recommended that future MSAH students try to find a practicum that can help make a positive and direct impact on the Otterbein community if possible

Context dependencies for younger and older adults in learning a 4-key motor sequence

The role environmental context has on performance level may change based on the skill being learned and the performer of that skill. The present study was designed to examine the role of environmental context in the learning of a 4-key motor sequence task. The present study had two primary purposes: first, replicating findings of a limited context effect in younger adults, and second, extending the findings to older adults to look at changes related to aging and environmental context. ANOVA results revealed no significant context effect in the present study for younger adults, and therefore comparisons between younger and older adults could not be made. Analysis of the data suggests the possibility of low performance levels in the current study being at least one factor related to context dependencies not developing in the learning of the 4-key motor sequence task

Effect of reheating on predictions following multiple-field inflation

We study the sensitivity of cosmological observables to the reheating phase following inflation driven by many scalar fields. We describe a method which allows semi-analytic treatment of the impact of perturbative reheating on cosmological perturbations using the sudden decay approximation. Focusing on $\mathcal{N}$-quadratic inflation, we show how the scalar spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio are affected by the rates at which the scalar fields decay into radiation. We find that for certain choices of decay rates, reheating following multiple-field inflation can have a significant impact on the prediction of cosmological observables.Comment: Published in PRD. 4 figures, 10 page

First search for a stochastic gravitational-wave background from ultralight bosons

Ultralight bosons with masses in the range 10^(−13)  eV ≤ m_b ≤ 10^(−12)  eV can induce a superradiant instability around spinning black holes (BHs) with masses of order 10−100  M⊙. This instability leads to the formation of a rotating “bosonic cloud” around the BH, which can emit gravitational waves (GWs) in the frequency band probed by ground-based detectors. The superposition of GWs from all such systems can generate a stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB). In this work, we develop a Bayesian data analysis framework to study the SGWB from bosonic clouds using data from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, building on previous work by Brito et al. [Phys. Rev. D 96, 064050 (2017)]. We further improve this model by adding a BH population of binary merger remnants. To assess the performance of our pipeline, we quantify the range of boson masses that can be constrained by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo measurements at design sensitivity. Furthermore, we explore our capability to distinguish an ultralight boson SGWB from a stochastic signal due to distant compact binary coalescences (CBC). Finally, we present results of a search for the SGWB from bosonic clouds using data from Advanced LIGO’s first observing run. We find no evidence of such a signal. Due to degeneracies between the boson mass and unknown astrophysical quantities such as the distribution of isolated BH spins, our analysis cannot robustly exclude the presence of a bosonic field at any mass. Nevertheless, we show that under optimistic assumptions about the BH formation rate and spin distribution, boson masses in the range 2.0×10^(−13)  eV ≤ m_b ≤ 3.8×10^(−13)  eV are excluded at 95% credibility, although with less optimistic spin distributions, no masses can be excluded. The framework established here can be used to learn about the nature of fundamental bosonic fields with future gravitational wave observations

Critical Developments in Housing Policy - Symposium Comments

Professor Scherer\u27s talk starts on page 24

How Do Mode and Timing of Follow-Up Surveys Affect Evaluation Success?

This article presents the analysis of evaluation methods used in a well-designed and comprehensive evaluation effort of a significant Extension program. The evaluation data collection methods were analyzed by questionnaire mode and timing of follow-up surveys. Response rates from the short- and long-term follow-ups and different questionnaire modes by occupational categories also were examined. Overall, the electronic questionnaire mode and 2-month follow-ups yielded significantly higher response rates. The findings have implications for meaningfully evaluating Extension programs operating with limited resources. The recommendations are useful to Extension educators who need to decide how to capture program outcomes but have limited resources