Optimization of a Transdiagnostic Mobile Emotion Regulation Intervention for University Students:Protocol for a Microrandomized Trial

Background: Many university students experience mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. To support their mental health, a transdiagnostic mobile app intervention has been developed. The intervention provides short exercises rooted in various approaches (eg, positive psychology, mindfulness, self-compassion, and acceptance and commitment therapy) that aim to facilitate adaptive emotion regulation (ER) to help students cope with the various stressors they encounter during their time at university. Objective: The goals of this study are to investigate whether the intervention and its components function as intended and how participants engage with them. In addition, this study aims to monitor changes in distress symptoms and ER skills and identify relevant contextual factors that may moderate the intervention’s impact. Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed methods design combining a microrandomized trial and semistructured interviews will be used. During the microrandomized trial, students (N=200) will be prompted via the mobile app twice a day for 3 weeks to evaluate their emotional states and complete a randomly assigned intervention (ie, an exercise supporting ER) or a control intervention (ie, a health information snippet). A subsample of participants (21/200, 10.5%) will participate in interviews exploring their user experience with the app and the completed exercises. The primary outcomes will be changes in emotional states and engagement with the intervention (ie, objective and subjective engagement). Objective engagement will be evaluated through log data (eg, exercise completion time). Subjective engagement will be evaluated through exercise likability and helpfulness ratings as well as user experience interviews. The secondary outcomes will include the distal outcomes of the intervention (ie, ER skills and distress symptoms). Finally, the contextual moderators of intervention effectiveness will be explored (eg, the time of day and momentary emotional states). Results: The study commenced on February 9, 2023, and the data collection was concluded on June 13, 2023. Of the 172 eligible participants, 161 (93.6%) decided to participate. Of these 161 participants, 137 (85.1%) completed the first phase of the study. A subsample of participants (18/172, 10.5%) participated in the user experience interviews. Currently, the data processing and analyses are being conducted. Conclusions: This study will provide insight into the functioning of the intervention and identify areas for improvement. Furthermore, the findings will shed light on potential changes in the distal outcomes of the intervention (ie, ER skills and distress symptoms), which will be considered when designing a follow-up randomized controlled trial evaluating the full-scale effectiveness of this intervention. Finally, the results and data gathered will be used to design and train a recommendation algorithm that will be integrated into the app linking students to relevant content.</p

: Une origine de l'archerie en Eurasie

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Neandertal In Arms? Earliest Evidence of Bow and Arrow Technology 50,000 Years Ago in Mediterranean France

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Evidence from lithic weapons: Evolution of weapons technologies from Middle to Upper Paleolithic in La Grotte Mandrin and Ksar Akil sequences

International audienceGenetic, fossil, and archaeological evidence strongly support an African origin for modern humans (Homo sapiens) perhaps ~200,000-300,000 years ago (~200-300 ka). Subsequent dispersals is found as early as 190-170 ka in the Near East while China is reached by 80 ka ago and Australia by 65 ka. European colonization comes much later after 44-42 ka. These processes led to the serial extinction of other non-African hominin groups such as the Neanderthals. Determining the reasons for the evolutionary success of H. sapiens and tracing the pathways of their dispersal out of Africa remain central themes of paleoanthropological investigation. Our own actual researches on Ksar Akil (Lebanon) collections stored in Harvard University’s Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, suggests that some of the answers to these questions can be found there on the rich lithic industries (>38,000 artifacts from the 1947-1948 excavations) largely unstudied until now. These researches conducted to direct comparisons with Grotte Mandrin layer E industries in the western shores of the mediterranean basin and that show remarkable technical similarities with Ksar Akil layers XXV-XXII, in the first phase of the Initial Upper Paleolothic. These data suggest a far earlier human dispersals around the Mediterranean basin in Western Europe. A close functional analysies of Mandrin E lithics, obtained by the most modern archeological methods, shows that these industries were related to the use of the bow and arrow, a major technological innovation which fundamentally changed human hunting practices and the nature of inter-group interactions. The link highlighted between Mandrin E and Ksar Akil IUP suggest the existence of initial incursions for modern humans into Europe via the Rhone Valley, incursions that could have been made possible by the mastery of the bow and arrow. That first migration may have, at least initially, failed to displace local Neanderthal populations

Neandertal in arms ? : about weapons, and bow, at the turn of the 50th millennium in Mediterranean France

Ce travail consiste en l’étude fonctionnelle de la séquence supérieure de la Grotte Mandrin (du 55 au 43ème millénaire) en France méditerranéenne. Dans cette séquence, le niveau Néronien de la Grotte Mandrin apparaît comme une anomalie, tant d’un point de vue technique, que fonctionnel. Sa profusion de pointes, leur caractère non seulement microlithique mais plus encore standardisé m’a amené à réfléchir sur la finalité de ces productions. Quelle est la signification de cette signature associant standardisation et microlithisation réelle au sein d’une unique unité de cette vaste séquence archéologique ? Au travers d’une étude fonctionnelle spécifiquement orientée vers la recherche, la détermination et la compréhension des associations de stigmates d’impact, une méthode d’approche, l’étude impactologique, est ici exposée à partir de la constitution d’un référentiel expérimental original. L’étude impactologique des pointes de Mandrin E révèle qu’au moins 15,5 % d’entre-elles ont été utilisées comme partie vulnérante ou perforante d’arme. Le module extrêmement réduit de ces micro- et nanopointes induit une inertie pondérale particulièrement faible que seul un système de propulsion à très forte énergie cinétique peut compenser. La réflexion a donc porté sur le mode de propulsion employé permettant de rendre effectif et efficace ces pointes de très faible dimension. Les résultats amènent à la conclusion que seul un système de propulsion tel que l’arc a pu compenser la faible énergie cinétique des tous petits éléments impactés découverts à Mandrin E.This work is an use-wear analysis of the upper sequence of Grotte Mandrin in Mediterranean France (from the 55th to 43rd millennium). In this sequence, the Neronian level of Grotte Mandrin appears as an anomaly, both from a technical and a functional perspective. Its profusion of points and their not only microlithic but also standardized character prompts reflection on the purpose of these productions. What is the meaning of this signature, combining standardization and real microlithization within a single unit of this vast archaeological sequence? Through a functional study specifically oriented toward research, determination and understanding of the associations of impact scars, a method of approach, an impact study, is presented here, and constructed from a systematic, original experiment. An impactological study of the Mandrin E points reveals that at least 15.5% of them were used as weapons. In the absence of any other criteria revealing other functions, and in view of the exceptionally high rate of impacted pieces, we must consider whether all of these small objects belong directly and exclusively to the sphere of armaments. The extreme reduction of these micro- and nanopoints results in a particularly weak inert weight that can only be compensated for by a propulsion system with very high kinetic energy. Attention has therefore been focused on the mode of propulsion used to make these very small, sometimes less than a centimeter, points effective and efficient. The results lead to the conclusion that only a propulsion system such as the bow would be able to offset the low kinetic energy of all of these small impacted elements discovered at Mandrin E

: Dossier spécial « la Grotte Mandrin bouleverse nos connaissances »

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Reconnaissance des armes en pierre et des systèmes cynégétiques de la fin du Paléolithique moyen en France méditerranéenne

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Initiarc. Expérimentation sur les traces de l'origine de l'arc et des flèches

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Implication de l'usage de l'arc et des propulsions mécaniques dès le 54e millénaire

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