421 research outputs found
Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Danish horses
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Borrelia burgdorferi </it>sensu lato and <it>Anaplasma phagocytophilum </it>are able to infect horses. However, the extend to which Danish horses are infected and seroconvert due to these two bacteria is unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of <it>B. burgdorferi </it>sensu lato and <it>A. phagocytophilum </it>in Danish horses.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 390 blood samples collected from all major regions of Denmark and with a geographical distribution corresponding to the density of the Danish horse population were analyzed. All samples were examined for the presence of antibodies against <it>B. burgdorferi </it>sensu lato and <it>A. phagocytophilum </it>by the use of the SNAP<sup>ÂŽ</sup>4DX <sup>ÂŽ </sup>ELISA test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Overall, 29.0% of the horses were seropositive for <it>B. burgdorferi </it>sensu lato whereas 22.3% were seropositive for <it>A. phagocytophilum</it>.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Antibodies against <it>B burgdorferi </it>sensu lato and <it>A. phagocytophilum </it>are commonly found among Danish horses thus showing that Danish horses are frequently infected by these organisms.</p
Return to work and risk of subsequent detachment from employment after myocardial infarction:Insights from Danish nationwide registries
Background
Limited data are available on return to work and subsequent detachment from employment after admission for myocardial infarction (
MI
).
Methods and Results
Using individualâlevel linkage of data from nationwide registries, we identified patients of working age (30â65Â years) discharged after firstâtime
MI
in the period 1997 to 2012, who were employed before admission. To assess the cumulative incidence of return to work and detachment from employment, the Aalen Johansen estimator was used. Incidences were compared with population controls matched on age and sex. Logistic regression was applied to estimate odds ratios for associations between detachment from employment and age, sex, comorbidities, income, and education level. Of 39Â 296 patients of working age discharged after firstâtime
MI
, 22Â 394 (56.9%) were employed before admission. Within 1Â year 91.1% (95% confidence interval [
CI
], 90.7%â91.5%) of subjects had returned to work, but 1Â year after their return 24.2% (95%
CI
, 23.6%â24.8%) were detached from employment and received social benefits. Detachment rates were highest in patients aged 60 to 65 and 30 to 39Â years, and significantly higher in patients with
MI
compared with population controls. Predictors of detachment were heart failure (odds ratio 1.20 [95%
CI
, 1.08â1.34]), diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 1.13 [95%
CI
, 1.01â1.25]), and depression (odds ratio 1.77 [95%
CI
, 1.55â2.01]). High education level and high income favored continued employment.
Conclusions
Despite that most patients returned to work after firstâtime
MI
, about 1 in 4 was detached from employment after 1Â year. Several factors including age and lower socioeconomic status were associated with risk of detachment from employment.
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Effects of Polyunsaturated w-3 Fatty Acids on Short Term Regulation of Hepatic Fat Metabolism in Liver Tissue from Dairy Cows
PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK INDEPENDENT OF CLOPIDOGREL USE IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A NATIONWIDE PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHED STUDY
Dose-response of myofibrillar protein synthesis to ingested whey protein during energy restriction in overweight postmenopausal women: a randomized, controlled trial
BackgroundDiet-induced weight loss is associated with a decline in lean body mass, as mediated by an impaired response of muscle protein synthesis (MPS). The dose-response of MPS to ingested protein, with or without resistance exercise, is well characterized during energy balance but limited data exist under conditions of energy restriction in clinical populations.ObjectiveTo determine the dose-response of MPS to ingested whey protein following short-term diet-induced energy restriction in overweight, postmenopausal, women at rest and postexercise.DesignForty middle-aged (58.6Âą0.4 y), overweight (BMI: 28.6Âą0.4), postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: Three groups underwent 5 d of energy restriction (âź800 kcal/d). On day 6, participants performed a unilateral leg resistance exercise bout before ingesting either a bolus of 15g (ERW15, n = 10), 35g (ERW35, n = 10) or 60g (ERW60, n = 10) of whey protein. The fourth group (n = 10) ingested a 35g whey protein bolus after 5 d of an energy balanced diet (EBW35, n = 10). Myofibrillar fractional synthetic rate (FSR) was calculated under basal, fed (FED) and postexercise (FED-EX) conditions by combining an L-[ring-13C6] phenylalanine tracer infusion with the collection of bilateral muscle biopsies.ResultsMyofibrillar FSR was greater in ERW35 (0.043Âą0.003%/h, P = 0.013) and ERW60 (0.042Âą0.003%/h, P = 0.026) than ERW15 (0.032 Âą 0.003%/h), with no differences between ERW35 and ERW60 (P = 1.000). Myofibrillar FSR was greater in FED (0.044 Âą 0.003%/h, P < 0.001) and FED-EX (0.048 Âą 0.003%/h, P < 0.001) than BASAL (0.027 Âą 0.003%/h), but no differences were detected between FED and FED-EX (P = 0.732) conditions. No differences in myofibrillar FSR were observed between EBW35 (0.042 Âą 0.003%/h) and ERW35 (0.043 Âą 0.003%/h, P = 0.744).ConclusionA 35 g dose of whey protein, ingested with or without resistance exercise, is sufficient to stimulate a maximal acute response of MPS following short-term energy restriction in overweight, postmenopausal women, and thus may provide a per serving protein recommendation to mitigate muscle loss during a weight loss program.Trial registryclinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT03326284)
Effects of oral glucose-lowering drugs on long term outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus following myocardial infarction not treated with emergent percutaneous coronary intervention - a retrospective nationwide cohort study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The optimum oral pharmacological treatment of diabetes mellitus to reduce cardiovascular disease and mortality following myocardial infarction has not been established. We therefore set out to investigate the association between individual oral glucose-lowering drugs and cardiovascular outcomes following myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus not treated with emergent percutaneous coronary intervention.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>All patients aged 30 years or older receiving glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs) and admitted with myocardial infarction (MI) not treated with emergent percutaneous coronary intervention in Denmark during 1997-2006 were identified by individual-level linkage of nationwide registries of hospitalizations and drug dispensing from pharmacies. Multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, calendar year, comorbidity, and concomitant pharmacotherapy were used to assess differences in the composite endpoint of non-fatal MI and cardiovascular mortality between individual GLDs, using metformin monotherapy as reference.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The study comprised 9876 users of GLDs admitted with MI. The mean age was 72.3 years and 56.5% of patients were men. A total of 3649 received sulfonylureas and 711 received metformin at admission. The average length of follow-up was 2.2 (SD 2.6) years. A total of 6,171 patients experienced the composite study endpoint. The sulfonylureas glibenclamide, glimepiride, glipizide, and tolbutamide were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and/or nonfatal MI with hazard ratios [HRs] of 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-1.46), 1.19 (1.06-1.32), 1.25 (1.11-1.42), and 1.18 (1.03-1.34), respectively, compared with metformin. Gliclazide was the only sulfonylurea not associated with increased risk compared with metformin (HR 1.03 [0.88-1.22]).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In patients with diabetes mellitus admitted with MI not treated with emergent percutaneous coronary intervention, monotherapy treatment with the sulfonylureas glibenclamide, glimepiride, glipizide, and tolbutamide was associated with increased cardiovascular risk compared with metformin monotherapy.</p
Adaptive immune responses to booster vaccination against yellow fever virus are much reduced compared to those after primary vaccination
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