The Relationship between Orthodontic Treatment and Dental Caries

Orthodontic treatment is the main treatment procedure to achieve a well-aligned dental arch and an esthetic smile. For this purpose, various types of removable or fixed orthodontic appliances are designed. However, each has their specific disadvantages. The most important one is that orthodontic appliances especially the brackets and the ligation mode create new retention areas in addition to blocking plaque-removing shear forces arising from fluid flow and masticatory loads with a resultant undesired effect of accumulation of dental plaque. Increased amount of dental plaque containing cariogenic bacteria is the main etiologic factor in decalcification of enamel during orthodontic treatment. This demineralization of the tooth surfaces results in appearance of white spots or even caries. However, in the literature, there are conflicting results in the relationship between orthodontic treatment and development of dental caries. Many preventive methods such as topical fluoride application, using bonding materials releasing fluoride, using mouth rinse with sodium fluoride, applying chlorhexidine, and so on were defined. The general comment of the authors is that supplying an adequate oral hygiene has the main role in prevention of demineralization-caries during orthodontic treatment. In the light of the previous studies’ results, it can be concluded that professional application like a varnish can be provided for patients who have high caries incidence

In Vıvo And In Vıtro Assessment Of The Antıbacterıal Effects, Ion Release And Bıocompatıbılıty Of Nano Sılver Coated Orthodontıc Brackets

Bu çalışmanın amacı sabit ortodontik tedavilerin sık görülen yan etkisi olan beyaz nokta lezyonlarının (BNL), gümüşün antibakteriyel özelliğinden yararlanılarak önlenmesi amacıyla, nano gümüş partikülleri ile kaplanan ortodontik braketlerin antibakteriyel özelliklerinin, iyon salınımlarının ve biyouyumluluklarının in vivo ve in vitro olarak değerlendirilmesidir. Mandibular kesici dişlerine nano gümüş partikülleri ile kaplanan ortodontik braket ve konvansiyonel ortodontik braket yapıştırdığımız 12 adet Wistar Albino rat çalışma (6) ve kontrol grubu (6) olarak ayrılmıştır. 0,1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 45 ve 75. günlerde molar ve kesici dişler üzerinden dental plak, alt dudak vestibül mukoza smeari, tükürük ve kan örnekleri alınmıştır. Çürük değerlendirilmesi, 75. günün sonunda anestezi altında sakrifiye edilen ratların alt ve üst çene dişlerinin çürük boyayıcı solüsyonlar ile boyanıp, çürük alanı oranlarının hesaplanması ile yapılmıştır. Biyouyumluluk deneyi için 12 adet rat randomize olarak 2 gruba ayrılmıştır. Ratların sırt bölgelerine çalışma grubunda nano gümüş partikülleri ile kaplanan ortodontik braketler, kontrol grubunda ise konvansiyonel ortodontik braketler yerleştirilmiş ve 7, 14, 30 ve 60. günlerde çevre yumuşak dokuları ile beraber çıkarılıp histopatolojik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlarımıza göre çalışma grubunda özellikle 1 ay sonunda braket etrafında S. mutans sayılarının anlamlı derecede azaldığı, molar diş parlak yüzeylerinde çürük oluşumunun önemli düzeyde önlendiği saptanmıştır. Tükürük ve kan örneklerinde 7. günde gümüş konsantrasyonlarının arttığı sonraki günlerde azaldığı izlenmiştir. Biyouyumlulukları histopatolojik olarak gösterilen nano gümüş kaplanan ortodontik braketlerin klinik uygulamalarda BNL'lerin önlenmesinde olumlu sonuçlar verebileceği düşünülmektedir.The aims of this study were to evaluate the antibacterial properties, ion release, and the biocompatibility of nano silver coated orthodontic brackets, to assess the possible reduction of the areas of tooth decay and demineralization during fixed orthodontic treatment compared to conventional brackets. Nano silver coating process was applied to the standard orthodontic brackets and were placed on the mandibular incisors of Wistar Albino rats in the study group (6) and the conventional brackets in the control group (6). Dental plaque, mucosal vestibular smears, saliva and blood samples were collected from rats at 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 45, and 75th days of the study. The amount of silver ions in blood and saliva was measured and microbiological evaluation was made in the samples of smear and dental plaque for S. mutans. For testing cariogenicity, all rats were sacrified under anesthesia at the end of 75 days. First of all, the soft tissues of both jaws were removed and cleaned and all teeth were stained using a caries indicator, then the caries ratio was assessed. In the biocompatibility study, nano silver coated and standard brackets were aseptically implanted subcutaneously in the dorsal region of rats. Brackets were removed with the surrounding tissues at 7, 14, 30, and 60 days. The specimens were evaluated for inflammatory response. Results showed that nano coated orthodontic bracket favored the inhibition of S. mutans on day 30 and reduction of caries on the smooth surfaces. Silver counts of saliva and serum samples were significantly higher in study group on day 7 and reduced on following days. The biocompatibility results indicated similarities in terms of tissue reaction between the study and control groups. So we suggest that nano coated orthodontic bracket may be helpful for prevention of WSL during fixed orthodontic treatment

Does Gender Have an Effect on Craniofacial Measurements?

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate craniofacial structures in terms of different sagittal relations and gender in adolescent individuals

Differential Benefit of Two Different Tooth-Borne Rapid Maxillary Expansion Appliances in Female Subjects.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of tooth-borne acrylic-bonded rapid maxillary expansion (RME) appliances with or without the anterior teeth anchorage on the skeletal and dentoalveolar structures, as well as soft tissues