Design of low-pass ladder networks with mixed lumped and distributed elements by means of artificial neural networks

In this paper, calculation of parameters of low-pass ladder networks with mixed lumped and\ud distributed elements by means of artificial neural networks is given. The results of ANN are compared with the values that are desired. It has been observed that the calculated and the desired values are extremely close to each other. So this algorith can be used to obtain the parameters that\ud will be used to synthesize such circuits

Fitokemijski sastav genotipova crnog (Morus nigra L.) i crvenog (Morus rubra L.) duda

Bright black (Morus nigra) and purple mulberry (Morus rubra) are particularly desirable fruits in Turkey. More recently, the interest in these bright black and purple mulberry fruits has also increased because of the popularization of healthy properties of these fruits. The study was carried out in 2008 aiming to determine the antioxidant activity (ferric reducing ability of plasma, FRAP), total phenolic, total anthocyanin, mineral, soluble solid, vitamin C, and total acid content of four black and four purple mulberry genotypes grown in Turkey. The results show that black mulberry genotypes have a higher bioactive content than purple mulberry genotypes. The average total phenolic content and total anthocyanins of black mulberry genotypes were 2149 μg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per g and 719 μg of cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalent (Cy 3-glu) per g of fresh mass. In purple mulberry, these values were for GAE 1690 μg/g and for Cy 3-glu 109 μg/g on fresh mass basis. The average antioxidant activity of black mulberry genotypes was also found to be higher than that of the purple ones according to FRAP assay (Trolox equivalent (TE) per fresh mass of black and purple mulberries was 13.35 and 6.87 μmol/g, respectively).Crni (Morus nigra) i crveni dud (Morus rubra) vrlo su popularno voće u Turskoj. Zbog pozitivnog utjecaja na ljudsko zdravlje, sve je veći interes za crnim i crvenim dudom. Istraživanje je provedeno 2008 godine, a određivala se antioksidativna aktivnost (FRAP), ukupni fenoli, ukupni antocijani, mineralni sastav, topljiva suha tvar, vitamin C i ukupna kiselost četiriju crnih i četiriju crvenih genotipova duda uzgajanih u Turskoj. Rezultati pokazuju da genotipovi crnog duda imaju veći udjel bioaktivnih tvari nego genotipovi crvenih dudova. Prosječna je količina ukupnih fenola u genotipovima crnog duda iznosila 2149 µg/g galne kiseline kao ekvivalent, a količina ukupnih antocijana 719 µg/g cijanidin 3-glukozidnog ekvivalenta. U genotipovima crvenog duda ove su vrijednosti za ukupne fenole iznosile 1690 µg/g, a za cijanidin 3-glukozidni ekvivalent 109 µg/g svježe mase plodova. Prosječna antioksidativna aktivnost genotipova crnog duda također je bila veća nego genotipova crvenog duda (Trolox ekvivalent svježe mase crnog i crvenog duda bio je 13,35 i 6,87 µmol/g)

Intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy as an adjunct to laser photocoagulation for severe aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to evaluate the role of anti-VEGF therapy as an adjunct to laser ablation therapy in severe aggressive posterior retinopaty of prematurity (AP-ROP).MethodsMedical records of premature infants with a primary diagnosis of AP-ROP treated with 0.625mg/0.025ml intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in addition to standard laser photocoagulation as a salvage therapy or primarily combined with laser in a university clinic were reviewed, retrospectively. The anatomical results and complications were evaluated after treatment.Results15 eyes of 9 patients with a mean gestational age of 28.3 weeks (range, 26–31w) and mean birth weight of 1090g (range, 860–1330g) were included in the study. They all had Zone 1 or posterior Zone 2 plus disease staging between severe 3 and 4a. Twelve eyes were treatment naive at the beginning. The mean follow-up was 19.5±11.8 months (range, 11–40 months). The disease regressed totally in 6 eyes (40%), stayed stable as stage 4a in 1 eye (6.7%), progressed to and stabilized at stage 4a in 3 eyes (20%) and progressed to stage 5 in 3 eyes (20%) within 7–10 days. Two eyes (13.3%) developed hypotony and cataract.ConclusionThe association of IVB and laser ablation might decrease the progression rate in severe AP-ROP. Prompt regression of iris neovascularization encourages its use in cases with pupillary rigidity to allow for laser treatment. When used as a salvage therapy it may not change the overall result dramatically

Cascaded Lossless Commensurate Line Synthesis

Print\ud Request Permissions\ud In this paper, a synthesis algorithm for cascaded lossless commensurate lines is summarized. The algorithm is based on transfer matrix factorization. Firstly the characteristic impedance of the extracted element is calculated and then after extracting the element, the reflection factor of the remaining network is calculated. This process is repeated until the termination resistance is reached. An example is included, to illustrate the implementation of the algorithm

Synthesis of cascaded lossless commensurate lines

A scattering transfer matrix factorization based algorithm for cascaded lossless commensurate line synthesis is presented. The characteristic impedances of the extracted commensurate lines and the reflection factors of the remaining networks are formulated in terms of reflection factor coefficients of the whole circuit. There is no need to use root search routines so as to cancel common terms, to get degree reduction. The formulation of the method is explained, and an example is included, to illustrate the implementation of the synthesis algorithm

Construction of Lossless Ladder Networks With Simple Lumped Elements Connected Via Commensurate Transmission Lines

In this work, an algorithm to design lossless ladder networks with simple lumped elements connected via commensurate transmission lines is proposed. After giving the algorithm, a lumped-element low-pass Chebyshev filter was transformed to its mixed-element counterpart to illustrate the utilization of the algorithm. The filter, designed for a frequency band around 1 GHz, was fabricated and experimentally characterized. We find very good agreement between measured and simulated transducer power gain over the entire frequency band of interest

Multimarket Competition

This article provides an introduction to multimarket competition and the research stream that examines it. Multimarket competition occurs when firms meet their competitors in multiple markets and compete with them by coordinating their strategies across those markets. In this article, we present a concise exposition of the theoretical foundations of the literature on multimarket competition and illustrate how empirical research projects are typically designed in this literature. We also provide some directions for future work in this area and discuss implications for research in organization design

Realization of Ideal Filter Characteristics via Genetic Algorithm

Abstract In this paper, realization of ideal filter characteristics via genetic algorithm has been studied. The filter is defined as a lossless two-port terminated normalized source and load resistances, and the coefficients of its describing scattering polynomials have been calculated via genetic algorithm. An element value table has been given for a low-pass normalized prototype filter containing only one element to ten elements