The Importance of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Expression in Carotid Body Paragangliomas

Objective:Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein expressed in prostate cancer. It is, however, also expressed in the neovasculature of some non-prostatic solid tumors. Carotid body paragangliomas (CBPs) are highly vascular neoplasms. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible role of PSMA expression in CBPs. There are no studies in the literature that report to have investigated the relationship between PSMA and CBPs.Methods:This study is a retrospective analysis of cases diagnosed with CBP based on their demographic, clinical, radiological, surgical and immunohistochemical findings. Immunohistochemical examination results of Ki-67, S100, synaptophysin, chromogranin were retrieved from patient files. Then, the paraffin blocks of CBPs specimens, stained by PSMA-antibody by immunohistochemical methods were examined histopathologically.Results:The number of patients operated on for CBP was 12 (four men and eight women). Ten out of 12 specimens were suitable for staining and histopathological examination. Capsular and/or vascular invasions of tumors were seen in complicated cases. Intratumoral vascular PSMA expression was seen in all specimens except one. Extratumoral vascular PSMA expression was not detected in any of the cases. Tumoral cell PSMA staining was seen in six of ten cases.Conclusion:We found higher intratumoral vascular expressions of PSMA nearly in all CBPs, but we could not assess the statistical significance because of the small number of specimens. These data might be a guide for future studies that are planned for either diagnostic or therapeutic approaches to CBPs

Leucemia mieloide aguda en un paciente geriátrico con antecedentes de enfermedad de cambios mínimos

Background: The increase in the incidence of malignancies globally, and the increase in the usage frequency and types of new anti-cancer drugs, have made onconephrology more important in our clinical practice. Paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis constitutes an important part of this approach as well. Purpose: The association of AML-nephrotic syndrome is relatively less defined in the literature compared to other hematological malignancies. Case presentation: In this article, we present a case of acute myelocytic leukemia in a patient who was diagnosed with minimal change disease many years ago. Discussion and Conclusion: Hematological malignancies-MCD association, is one of the best described examples of paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis. We know that cancer can be clinically diagnosed years after the detection of renal disease in paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis. In this case; rationality of follow-up, not only during the diagnosis of glomerulonephritis but also periodically in the long term, especially in clinical situations such as MCD that occur in geriatric patients, should be discussed.Introducción: El aumento en la incidencia de neoplasias malignas a nivel mundial, y el aumento en la frecuencia de uso y tipos de nuevos medicamentos contra el cáncer, han hecho que la onconefrología sea más importante en nuestra práctica clínica. Asimismo, la glomerulonefritis paraneoplásica también constituye una parte importante de este enfoque. Propósito: La asociación de LMA-síndrome nefrótico está relativamente menos definida en la literatura a comparación de otras neoplasias malignas hematológicas. Presentación del caso: En este artículo presentamos un caso de leucemia mielocítica aguda en un paciente al que se le diagnosticó enfermedad de cambios mínimos hace años. Discusión y Conclusión: La asociación de neoplasias hematológicas malignas-MCD, es uno de los ejemplos mejor descritos de glomerulonefritis paraneoplásica. Sabemos que el cáncer puede diagnosticarse clínicamente años después de la detección de la enfermedad renal en la glomerulonefritis paraneoplásica. En este caso, debe discutirse la racionalidad del seguimiento, no solo durante el diagnóstico de glomerulonefritis, sino también periódicamente a largo plazo especialmente en situaciones clínicas como la ECM que se presenta en pacientes geriátricos

Overin malign mikst müllerian tümörleri: Üç olgu sunumu

Overin malign mikst müllerian tümörleri (MMMT) nadir görülen, histolojik olarak malign epitelyal ve mezenkimal komponent içeren oldukça agresif neoplazmlardır. Bu tümörler tüm over malignitelerinin %1'inden azını oluşturur ve daha çok düşük pariteli ve postmenapozal kadınlarda görülür. Yapılan çalışmalar en önemli prognostik faktörün tanı konduğu sıradaki klinik evrenin olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. İleri evrelerde olan ilk iki olgumuz takiplerinin ilk bir yılı içinde kaybedilirken evre IA olan üçüncü olgumuz yedi yıldan beri yaşamını sürdürmektedir. Olgu sayımız çok az olmasına rağmen overin MMMT'lerinde evrenin en önemli prognostik faktör olduğu sonucuna vardık.Ovarian MMMT is a rare, highly aggressive neoplasm comprising histologically of both epithelial and mesenchymal components. This tumor constitutes less than 1% of all ovarian malignancies and tend to occur in low parity women of postmenapausal status. In recent studies, the most important prognostic factor that has been demostrated is the clinical stage at the time of diagnosis. Although our two patients who were in advanced stages died in one year, the third patient was in stage IA and she is still alive and on follow-up for seven years. Although the number of the cases presented here is small, we demonstrated that the stage was a significant prognostic factor in ovarian MMMT

Collecting duct carcinoma: A case report

Toplayıcı kanal karsinomu (TKK), renal hücreli karsinomun nadir bir varyantıdır. TKK ilk tanı anında bölgesel lenf nodlarına, akciğere, adrenal beze, karaciğere, metastaz yapar ve prognozu kötüdür. Biz bu çalışmada TKK tanılı bir olguyu literatür bulguları eşliğinde sunduk.Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney is a rare variant of renal cell carcinoma. At the time of initial diagnosis collecting duct carcinoma is metastatic to regional lymph nodes, lung, adrenal gland and liver and the prognosis of collecting duct carcinoma is poor. In this report, we presented a case of a patient with a diagnosis of collecting duct carcinoma in the view of the literature

Overin adult granüloza hücreli tümörü: 60 olgunun histopatolojik özellikleri

Objective: Adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCT) are rarely seen among the ovarian neoplasms. Sixty cases of AGCT were evaluated for histomorphologic features and the criteria of differential diagnosis. Material and Methods: The structural, cytological features, stage, and other characteristics effected the prognoses were examined. Results: Two-third of the cases were postmenopausal and the mean age was 49. The mean tumor size was 9,2 cm. Fifty four (90%) cases were in stage I, four (7%) cases in stage III, and two (3%) in stage IV. The cases which were in advanced stage had intraabdominal and liver metastases. Benign tubal epithelial proliferation was detected in 33 (55%), endometrial hyperplasia in 33 (55%), and endometrial carcinoma in 3 (5%) cases. Two (3,3%) cases had bilateral tumors. The prominent histopathologic pattern was diffuse in 44%, trabecular in 24%, microfollicular in 19%, insular in 10%, macrofollicular in 3% of cases. Metastatic AGCTs showed trabecular and diffuse patterns. Fourty percent of cases revealed vascular invasions in the adjacent ovarian tissues. There were no statistical significance between histologic pattern, tumor size, stage and age. The relation between mitoses and advanced stage was statistically significant. The decreased number of Call-Exner bodies in postmenopausal and in cases with endometrial hyperplasia was associated to thecomatous overgrowth of the tumors. Conclusion: AGCTs may have diagnostic difficulties with surface epithelial and sex-cord tumors of the ovary. They have no certain criteria for their biological behaviors.Amaç: Adult granüloza hücreli tümör (AGHT), over tümörleri içerisinde nadir izlenen bir grubu oluşturur. Bu çalışmanın amacı AGHT olgularının histopatolojik ve klinik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Altmış primer over AGHT klinik bulgular eşliğinde değerlendirildi. Ayırıcı tanıya ilişkin kriterler ve yapısal/hücresel özelliklerle evre ve diğer prognozda etkili olabilecek özellikler arasındaki ilişkiler araştırıldı. Bulgular: AGHT tanısı alan olguların 2/3'ü postmenopozdaydı ve ortalama yaş 49 idi. Ortalama tümör çapı 9.2 cm bulundu. Elli dört olgu (%90) evre I, 4 olgu evre III (%7), ve 2 olgu evre IV (%3) idi. İleri evredeki olgularda karın içi ve karaciğere metastaz izlendi. Olguların %55'inde (33 olgu) tuba uterina'da benign epitelyal proliferasyon ve %55'inde (33 olgu) endometrial hiperplaziye, %5'inde (3 olgu) endometrium karsinomu birlikteliği vardı. Bilateralite oranı %3.3 (2 olgu) idi. AGHT'de baskın olan primer histolojik patern olguların %44'ünde diffüz, %24'ünde trabeküler, %19'unda mikrofolliküler, %10'unda insüler, %3'ünde makrofolliküler nitelikteydi. Metastatik AGHT'lerde trabeküler ve diffüz patern baskın olarak gözlendi. İleri evredeki tümörlerde daha sık olmak üzere tüm olguların %40'ında over dokusunda vasküler alanlarda tümör hücreleri gözlendi. Histolojik patern ile tümör boyutu, evre ve yaş arasında bir ilişki bulunmadı. Mitoz ile ileri evre arasında anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlandı. Postmenopozal ve endometrial hiperplazi birlikteliği saptanan olgularda daha az Call-Exner yapıları gözlendi. Bu özellik de bu tür olgulardaki fazla tekomatöz gelişime bağlandı. Sonuç: AGHT overin yüzey epitel tümörleri ve diğer seks kord tümörler ile karışabilir. Tümör davranışını belirlemeye ilişkin morfolojik kesin kriterler bulunmamaktadır

Collecting duct carcinoma: A case report

Toplayıcı kanal karsinomu (TKK), renal hücreli karsinomun nadir bir varyantıdır. TKK ilk tanı anında bölgesel lenf nodlarına, akciğere, adrenal beze, karaciğere, metastaz yapar ve prognozu kötüdür. Biz bu çalışmada TKK tanılı bir olguyu literatür bulguları eşliğinde sunduk.Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney is a rare variant of renal cell carcinoma. At the time of initial diagnosis collecting duct carcinoma is metastatic to regional lymph nodes, lung, adrenal gland and liver and the prognosis of collecting duct carcinoma is poor. In this report, we presented a case of a patient with a diagnosis of collecting duct carcinoma in the view of the literature