Possible role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of chronic adenoiditis and adenoid hypertrophy: A prospective, parallel‐group study

Abstract Background Adenoid tissue is a first‐line host defense secondary lymphoid organ, especially in childhood. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is required to maintain balanced cellular activity. With impaired ER functions, protein accumulation occurs, resulting in ER stress, which plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of many diseases. Objective We aimed to investigate the relationship between ER stress and adenoid tissue disorders, thereby elucidating the mechanisms of immunity‐related diseases. Methods Fifty‐four pediatric patients (>3 years old) who underwent adenoidectomy for chronic adenoiditis (CA) or adenoid hypertrophy (AH) were enrolled in this prospective, parallel‐group clinical study. Adenoids were divided into two groups (CA or AH) based on their size and evaluated for ER stress pathway and apoptosis pathway markers by Real‐time PCR and Western blot analysis. Results ER stress pathway markers significantly differed between the CA and AH groups. Children with CA had higher ER stress marker levels than the AH group (p < .001 for ATF‐4, ATF‐6, and GRP78, and p < .05 for EDEM1, CHOP, EIF2AK3, ERNI, and GRP94). Apoptosis pathway marker levels (BAX and BCL‐2) were not different between groups. Conclusions ER stress contributes to the etiopathogenesis of adenoid tissue diseases and the pathogenesis of adenoid tissue disorders, which are part of the immune response. These results may guide the development of new and alternative treatments for immune system disorders

Solunum yollarını tutan Wegener granülomatozu; olgu sunumu

Wegener granülomatozisi WG , üst ve alt solunum yollarını tutabilen, etyolojisi tam olarak bilinmeyen multisistemik granülomatöz bir vaskülittir. Burada bilateral nasal polipozis tanısı ile opere edilen ve 3. ay takibinde bilateral nasal kavitelerde yaygın mukoza nekrozu ve akciğerde kaviter lezyonlarla WG tanısı konan 65 yaşında bir erkek hasta sunulmaktadı

Anterior temporal artery to posterior cerebral artery bypass for revascularization of the posterior circulation: An anatomical study

We describe a novel intracranial-to-intracranial bypass technique between the anterior temporal artery and the posterior cerebral artery for revascularization of the posterior circulation. Four formalin-fixed human heads were examined to demonstrate the detailed anatomy of the middle cerebral artery and the posterior cerebral artery, and to illustrate the step-by-step bypass procedure. The anterior temporal artery, a branch of the middle cerebral artery, can be anastomosed to the P2 segment of the posterior cerebral artery as an alternative to extracranial bypass donor segments for treatment of complex aneurysms requiring revascularization. The anastomosis of the anterior temporal artery as a pedicled donor to the posterior cerebral artery provides a shorter graft, due to its close anatomical position to the posterior cerebral artery, for posterior circulation revascularization. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.St Josephs Hosp, Barrow Neurol Inst, Dept Neurosurg, Phoenix, AZ USAUniv Utah, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Salt Lake City, UT USAUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Neurosurg, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Minnesota, Dept Neurosurg, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USAUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Neurosurg, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

The prevalence of microalbuminuria and relevant cardiovascular risk factors in Turkish hypertensive patients.

Objectives: A growing body of data illustrates the importance of microalbuminuria (MAU) as a strong predictor of cardiovascular risk in the hypertensive population. The present study was designed to define the prevalence of MAU and associated cardiovascular risk factors among Turkish hypertensive outpatients. Study design: Representing the Turkish arm of the multinational i-SEARCH study involving 1,750 sites in 26 countries around the world, a total of 1,926 hypertensive patients from different centers were included in this observational and cross-sectional survey study. Patients with reasons for a false-positive MAU test were excluded. The prevalence of MAU was assessed using a dipstick test, and patients were inquired about comorbidities, comedication, and known cardiovascular risk factors. Results: The overall prevalence of MAU was 64.7% and there was no difference between genders. Most of the patients (82.5%) had uncontrolled hypertension, 35.6% had dyslipidemia, and 35.5% had diabetes, predominantly type 2. Almost one-third of the patients (26.4%) had at least one cardiovascular-related comorbidity, with 20.3% having documented coronary artery disease (CAD). Almost all patients (96.8%) had one or more risk factors for cardiovascular disease in addition to hypertension, including family history of myocardial infarction or CAD, diabetes, dyslipidemia, lack of physical exercise, and smoking. A trend towards higher MAU values in the presence of CAD was determined. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria tests should be routinely used as a screening and monitoring tool for the assessment of subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among hypertensive patients. © 2011 Turkish Society of Cardiology