Évaluation des pratiques post récolte favorables à la contamination de l’arachide par les mycotoxines dans trois régions de Côte d’Ivoire

Objectif: Les techniques post récoltes jouent un rôle déterminant dans la contamination de l’arachide par les aflatoxines. Cette étude a pour objectif de contribuer à réduire la contamination de l’arachide par les aflatoxines en Côte d’Ivoire par l’identification des pratiques post récoltes à risque.Méthodologie et résultats: Un questionnaire a permis de recueillir les renseignements sur lesdites pratiques dans trois régions : nord, centre et ouest. Le séchage de l’arachide se fait au soleil quel que soit la localité et dure en moyenne 4 à 14 jours. Les arachides sont séchées et conservées en coques dans le nord. Dans les zones de centre et ouest, les gousses sont soit séchées puis décortiquées, soit décortiqués avant séchage. Le stockage des graines ou des gousses se fait dans des sacs en polyéthylène dans les maisons (86%) ou en vrac dans des greniers (14%). La récolte peut être conservée jusqu’à 9 mois avant consommation ou vente. 58,1% des productrices ont des pertes dues à l’effet des moisissures. La contamination fongique de l’arachide s’opère dans 55,8 % des cas, durant le séchage et le stockage, et dans 34,9 % des cas au cours de l’apparitiondes fleurs au champ.Conclusion et application des résultats: Les étapes de séchage et de stockage représentent un risque de contamination par les aflatoxines. Une maitrise des techniques post récolte permettrait de réduire la contamination par les aflatoxines. Il ressort de cette étude qu'une formation des productrices aux bonnes pratiques de production réduirait la contamination parcours aflatoxines.Mots clés: post-récolte, séchage, conservation, arachide, aflatoxinesEnglish Title: Evaluation of post-harvest practices favorable to the contamination of peanut by mycotoxins in three regions of Côte d'IvoireEnglish AbstractObjective: Post harvest techniques take a decisive role in peanuts by aflatoxins contamination. The aim of this study is to help to reduce aflatoxin contamination of groundnuts in Côte d'Ivoire by identifying post-harvest practices at risk.Methodology and results: A survey permit to collect information on post-harvest practices in three regions: north, center and west. Peanuts are dried at sun whatever the locality and lasts on average 4 to 14 days. Peanuts are dried and kept in pods in the north. In the central and western areas, pods are either dried and then shelled, or shelled before drying. The storage of seeds or pods is done in polythene bags in homes (86%) or bulk in granaries (14%). Peanuts can be kept until 9 months before consumption or sale. 58.1% of producers have losses due to effect of molds. Fungal contamination of peanuts occurs in 55.8% of cases, during drying and storage, and in 34.9% of cases during flowering in the field.Conclusion and application of results: Drying and storage stages represent a risk of contamination by aflatoxins. Mastering post-harvest techniques would reduce aflatoxin contamination. This study shows that training producers in good production practices would reduce aflatoxin contamination.Keywords: post-harvest, drying, storage, peanut, aflatoxin

Evaluation of an alternative spectroscopic approach for aflatoxin analysis: Comparative analysis of food and feed samples with UPLC-MS/MS

Increasing research has highlighted the effects of changing climates on the occurrence and prevalence of toxigenic Aspergillus species producing aflatoxins. There is concern of the toxicological effects to human health and animal productivity following acute and chronic exposure that may affect the future ability to provide safe and sufficient food globally. Considerable research has focused on the detection of these toxins, based on the physicochemical and biochemical properties of the aflatoxin compounds, in agricultural products for human and animal consumption. As improvements in food security continue more regulations for acceptable levels of aflatoxins have arisen globally; the most stringent in Europe. These regulations are important for developing countries as aflatoxin occurrence is high significantly effecting international trade and the economy. In developed countries analytical approaches have become highly sophisticated, capable of attaining results with high precision and accuracy, suitable for regulatory laboratories. Regrettably, many countries that are affected by aflatoxin contamination do not have resources for high tech HPLC and MS instrumentation and require more affordable, yet robust equally accurate alternatives that may be used by producers, processors and traders in emerging economies. It is especially important that those companies wishing to exploit the opportunities offered by lucrative but highly regulated markets in the developed world, have access to analytical methods that will ensure that their exports meet their customers quality and safety requirements. This work evaluates the ToxiMet system as an alternative approach to UPLC–MS/MS for the detection and determination of aflatoxins relative to current European regulatory standards. Four commodities: rice grain, maize cracked and flour, peanut paste and dried distillers grains were analysed for natural aflatoxin contamination. For B1 and total aflatoxins determination the qualitative correlation, above or below the regulatory limit, was good for all commodities with the exception of the dried distillers grain samples for B1 for which no calibration existed. For B1 the quantitative R2 correlations were 0.92, 0.92, 0.88 (<250 μg/kg) and 0.7 for rice, maize, peanuts and dried distillers grain samples respectively whereas for total aflatoxins the quantitative correlation was 0.92, 0.94, 0.88 and 0.91. The ToxiMet system could be used as an alternative for aflatoxin analysis for current legislation but some consideration should be given to aflatoxin M1 regulatory levels for these commodities considering the high levels detected in this study especially for maize and peanuts. (Résumé d'auteur

Croissance et développement des os, des tissus adipeux et des muscles : doit-on attendre la naissance pour réagir ?

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