Composite landfill liner design with Ankara clay, Turkey

This study presents an overview of the geotechnical properties of the clayey soils, referred to as "Ankara clay", at two sites of the Ankara region in an attempt to design a landfill profile composed of a high density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane/clay composite liner through the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) model and the Water Balance Method. The geotechnical properties of the landfill layers along with the water balance factors (i.e., evapotranspiration, precipitation, temperature, etc.) were assessed to determine the height of the water-saturated zone in the refuse above the composite liner for landfill design. The cumulative expected leakage rates through the composite liner constructed with compacted Ankara clay were related quantitatively to the cumulative average leachate head. The results of this investigation show that the leakage rates through the composite liner are within tolerable limits

Geotechnical evaluation of Ankara clay as a compacted clay liner

This study investigates the geotechnical properties, and mineralogical and permeability characteristics of "Ankara clay" to evaluate its suitability as a compacted clay landfill liner material. The geotechnical index properties of the clayey soil samples collected from the western part of Ankara were determined. All the soil samples were tested for permeability by means of falling head compaction permeameter apparatus. The mineralogy of the soil samples were examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses. The cation exchange capacities of the soil samples were determined by the methylene blue adsorption test in order to determine the presence of swelling clay minerals in the soil samples. The influences of the geotechnical indices and mineralogy of Ankara clay on the hydraulic conductivity were investigated. Several landfill profiles containing various compacted clayey lining systems were simulated by the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance model. All the soil samples tested led to hydraulic conductivities lower than the suggested regulatory limits (1 x 10(-9) m/s) and therefore, are suitable to be utilized as compacted clay liners in potential sanitary landfill sites. Recommendations regarding field construction of the compacted clay liner are provided

Environmental geological and geotechnical investigations related to the potential use of Ankara clay as a compacted landfill liner material, Turkey

Clay-bearing Upper Pliocene red clastics and Quaternary alluvial deposits occupy the Ankara basin. The clayey levels of the Upper Pliocene deposits, referred to as Ankara clay, is considered as a source for compacted clay liners due to their low coefficients of permeability and widespread distributions throughout Ankara. This study investigates the geological, geotechnical and mineralogical properties of the founding clayey soils at two sites of the Ankara region. The geotechnical index properties along with the hydraulic conductivities of the clayey soil samples collected from these sites were determined. A mathematical relation between the clay mineralogical content and hydraulic conductivity was established. The results of this investigation show that, from a geotechnical point of view, Ankara clay may be regarded as a highly suitable material for a compacted clay landfill liner given that its mineralogical compatibility with leachate is confirmed

Ankara kilinin atık depolama sahaları için sıkıştırılmış kil örtüsü olarak kullanımı

Ankara hızla artan nüfusu ile Türkiye'nin ikinci büyük şehridir. Günümüzde Ankara'nın çöp depolama ihtiyacını karşılayabilecek sayıda ve kapasitede katı atık sahası mevcut olmadığından, yeni katı atık sahalarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Ankara Kili'nin katı atık sahası örtü malzemesi olarak kullanılabilirliği incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla daha önce yaptığımız çalışmalardan elde edilmiş olan verilerin yanı sıra Ankara civarında farklı lokasyonlardan bir dizi kil numunesi alınmış ve bu numunelerin mineralojik ve jeoteknik özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Üçü Karakusunlar'dan (K1, K2 ve K3), altı tanesi Gölbaşı'ndan (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 ve G6) ve altı tanesi de Sincan'dan (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 ve S6) olmak üzere on beş numune alınmış ve numuneler üzerinde mineralojik/jeoteknik deneyler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Numunelerin mineralojik özellikleri metilen mavisi, XRD ve SEM analizleri ile incelenmiştir. Numunelerin incelenen jeoteknik özellikleri ise özgül ağırlık, Atterberg limitleri (örneğin, plastik limit, likit limit, plastisite indeksi), tane boyu dağılımı, sıkıştırılma özellikleri (örneğin maksimum kuru birim hacim ağırlık ve optimum su içeriği) ile hidrolik iletkenliktir

Extended-focused Ultrasonography for Children with High-energy Trauma

WOS: 000493179100010Aim: Ultrasonography (USG) is an important tool used in the diagnosis of critical patients. The present study was carried out in order to detect intra-peritoneal free liquid in cases with high-energy trauma by using "extended-focused trauma (E-FAST) USG" and to determine the diagnostic power and benefits of this method. Materials and Methods: The medical records of pediatric cases with high-energy trauma were examined retrospectively. The results of computed tomography (CT) and radiologist-operated abdominal (Rad) USG and the demographic data of patients were compared with the results obtained from E-FAST-USG performed by a pediatric emergency specialist. Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical measurements among the groups. Results: One hundred and sixty patients were observed during the study period. When E-FAST-USG was compared to Rad-USG, the accuracy rate of E-FAST-USG was found to be 97.5%, sensitivity to be 90.9%, and specificity to be 98%. Forty-one of the patients were examined using CT. The sensitivity of Rad-USG was found to be 64.6% and specificity to be 933%, whereas the sensitivity of FAST-USG was found to be 81.8% and specificity to be 93.3%. Conclusion: FAST-USG can be used in pediatric trauma cases at high sensitivity-specificity levels, and the radiation exposure of CT, which is a major consideration during childhood, can be reduced

Geotechnical evaluation of Ankara clay as a compacted clay liner

This study investigates the geotechnical properties, and mineralogical and permeability characteristics of "Ankara clay" to evaluate its suitability as a compacted clay landfill liner material. The geotechnical index properties of the clayey soil samples collected from the western part of Ankara were determined. All the soil samples were tested for permeability by means of falling head compaction permeameter apparatus. The mineralogy of the soil samples were examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses. The cation exchange capacities of the soil samples were determined by the methylene blue adsorption test in order to determine the presence of swelling clay minerals in the soil samples. The influences of the geotechnical indices and mineralogy of Ankara clay on the hydraulic conductivity were investigated. Several landfill profiles containing various compacted clayey lining systems were simulated by the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance model. All the soil samples tested led to hydraulic conductivities lower than the suggested regulatory limits (1 x 10(-9) m/s) and therefore, are suitable to be utilized as compacted clay liners in potential sanitary landfill sites. Recommendations regarding field construction of the compacted clay liner are provided