Six-month survival of critically ill patients with HIV-related disease and tuberculosis: a retrospective study

Submitted by Fábio Marques ([email protected]) on 2018-09-20T18:12:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Six-month survival of critically ill patients with HIV_Beatriz_Grinsztejn_etal_INI_Lapclin-AIDS_2016.pdf: 891326 bytes, checksum: 2d4e10331a5a45a2ad3e9867b8b2b67e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Regina Costa ([email protected]) on 2018-10-03T18:23:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Six-month survival of critically ill patients with HIV_Beatriz_Grinsztejn_etal_INI_Lapclin-AIDS_2016.pdf: 891326 bytes, checksum: 2d4e10331a5a45a2ad3e9867b8b2b67e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-03T18:23:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Six-month survival of critically ill patients with HIV_Beatriz_Grinsztejn_etal_INI_Lapclin-AIDS_2016.pdf: 891326 bytes, checksum: 2d4e10331a5a45a2ad3e9867b8b2b67e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Terapia Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Terapia Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Terapia Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Terapia Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Terapia Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Terapia Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Terapia Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil./ Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Terapia Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases worldwide, mainly after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics. Patient with HIV-related illness are more likely to present with severe TB due to immunosuppression. Very few studies have explored HIV/TB co-infection in critically ill patients. The goal of this study was to analyze factors associated with long-term mortality in critically ill patient with HIV-related disease coinfected with TB

Persistent platelet activation and apoptosis in virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases and thrombotic events became major clinical problems in the combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) era. Although the precise mechanisms behind these clinical problems have not been fully elucidated, a persistent pro-inflammatory state plays a central role. As platelets play important roles on both, thrombus formation and inflammatory/immune response, we aimed at investigating platelet function in HIV-infected subjects virologically controlled through cART. We evaluate parameters of activation, mitochondrial function and activation of apoptosis pathways in platelets from 30 HIV-infected individuals under stable cART and 36 healthy volunteers. Despite viral control achieved through cART, HIV-infected individuals exhibited increased platelet activation as indicated by P-selectin expression and platelet spreading when adhered on fibrinogen-coated surfaces. Platelets from HIV-infected subjects also exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of apoptosis pathways. Finally, thrombin stimuli induced lower levels of P-selectin translocation and RANTES secretion, but not TXA2 synthesis, in platelets from HIV-infected individuals compared to control; and labeling of platelet alpha granules showed reduced granule content in platelets from HIV-infected individuals when compared to healthy subjects. In summary, platelets derived from HIV-infected individuals under stable cART exhibit a phenotype of increased activation, activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and undermined granule secretion in response to thrombin

The Innate Immune Response in HIV/AIDS Septic Shock Patients: A Comparative Study

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>In recent years, the incidence of sepsis has increased in critically ill HIV/AIDS patients, and the presence of severe sepsis emerged as a major determinant of outcomes in this population. The inflammatory response and deregulated cytokine production play key roles in the pathophysiology of sepsis; however, these mechanisms have not been fully characterized in HIV/AIDS septic patients.</p> <p>Methods</p><p>We conducted a prospective cohort study that included HIV/AIDS and non-HIV patients with septic shock. We measured clinical parameters and biomarkers (C-reactive protein and cytokine levels) on the first day of septic shock and compared these parameters between HIV/AIDS and non-HIV patients.</p> <p>Results</p><p>We included 30 HIV/AIDS septic shock patients and 30 non-HIV septic shock patients. The HIV/AIDS patients presented low CD4 cell counts (72 [7-268] cells/mm³), and 17 (57%) patients were on HAART before hospital admission. Both groups were similar according to the acute severity scores and hospital mortality. The IL-6, IL-10 and G-CSF levels were associated with hospital mortality in the HIV/AIDS septic group; however, the CRP levels and the surrogates of innate immune activation (cytokines) were similar among HIV/AIDS and non-HIV septic patients. Age (odds ratio 1.05, CI 95% 1.02-1.09, <i>p</i>=0.002) and the IL-6 levels (odds ratio 1.00, CI 95% 1.00-1.01, <i>p</i>=0.05) were independent risk factors for hospital mortality.</p> <p>Conclusions</p><p>IL-6, IL-10 and G-CSF are biomarkers that can be used to predict prognosis and outcomes in HIV/AIDS septic patients. Although HIV/AIDS patients are immunocompromised, an innate immune response can be activated in these patients, which is similar to that in the non-HIV septic population. In addition, age and the IL-6 levels are independent risk factors for hospital mortality irrespective of HIV/AIDS disease.</p> </div

Biomarkers in HIV/AIDS septic patients on the first day of sepsis diagnosis: comparison of the IL-6, IL-10, and G-CSF plasma levels on the first day of sepsis. (*) <i>p</i><0.05.

<p>Biomarkers in HIV/AIDS septic patients on the first day of sepsis diagnosis: comparison of the IL-6, IL-10, and G-CSF plasma levels on the first day of sepsis. (*) <i>p</i><0.05.</p