Literatura, traducción y política: Miguel Antonio Caro y su proyecto de construcción de nación

Parte de la tradición crítica ha tendido a estudiar la obra de Miguel Antonio Caro separando su pensamiento en dos líneas distintas: el político, por un lado, y su tarea como humanista, por otro. El presente artículo se propone analizar su labor de crítico literario y de traductor como parte fundamental de su proyecto político: el de diseñar y consolidar un proyecto de nación colombiana. El objetivo, pues, consiste en evitar la división mencionada, que, como propongo, ha obstaculizado la comprensión de su proyecto de nación como un todo, en el que las discusiones políticas y las reflexiones sobre literatura nacional e incorporación de otras literaturas son esenciales

Optimización financiera de los portafolios de inversión de los fondos mutuales de una entidad cooperativa colombiana

Los fondos mutuales son valores de inversión colectiva administrados profesionalmente por entidades cooperativas. En la actualidad, dichos fondos administran inversiones por valores considerablemente altos, lo que representa un reto al abordar el problema de selección del portafolio óptimo. En este sentido, el modelo Black-Litterman cuenta con una gran aceptación en la estructuración de los portafolios de activos financieros al incorporar expectativas de expertos sobre el comportamiento del mercado, logrando alcanzar mejores niveles de diversificación. Este modelo se aplicó en 2018 al portafolio de acciones de los fondos mutuales de una entidad cooperativa colombiana, utilizando como expectativas los precios objetivos para 2020, y se encontró que el portafolio óptimo resultó ser mucho más eficiente en términos de riesgo y rentabilidad que el inicial, además de que su pérdida máxima esperada, calculada por el método de simulación Montecarlo, se pudo considerar acertada con un nivel de confianza del 99%.Mutual funds are collective investment securities professionally managed by cooperative entities. These funds currently manage investments of considerably high values, which represents a challenge in addressing the problem of selecting the optimal portfolio. In this sense, the Black-Litterman model is widely accepted in the structuring of financial asset portfolios, by incorporating experts expectations on market behavior, achieving better levels of diversification. This model was applied in 2018 to the stock portfolio of the mutual funds of a Colombian cooperative entity, using 2020 target prices as expectations, and it was found that the optimal portfolio turned out to be much more efficient in terms of risk and profitability than the initial one; moreover, it was also found that its maximum expected loss, calculated by the Monte Carlo simulation method, could be considered correct at a confidence level of 99%

Molecular diagnosis of meningitis and meningoencephalitis with an automated real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction in a tertiary reference complex in Medellín, Colombia

Meningoencephalitis is a syndrome of multiple etiologies associated with important morbidity and mortality. It may be caused by various infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi). Establishing the etiology of meningoencephalitis is crucial for early and specific treatment. Molecular assays such as the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offer an alternative in diagnosing central nervous system infections. This study aimed to describe the performance of an automated multiplex molecular test from patients with suspected meningitis and meningoencephalitis in a tertiary referral complex in Medellin, Colombia. Thus, a prospective study was performed in 638 cerebrospinal fluid samples from January 2017 to July 2019. Molecular detections were carried out by means of the FilmArray® Meningitis/Encephalitis (M/E) Panel from bioMérieux, France, and by conventional tests. Univariate analyses for microbiological and demographic characteristics were performed. Accuracy of the bacterial/fungal PCR assay compared to cultures was also performed. Among patients, 57.7% were male, the median age was 24 (IQR: 6 - 47) years old. The overall positivity was 15.2% (97 detections) and viruses were detected in 45.5% of the samples, bacteria in 43.5% and fungi in 10.8%. The most frequent etiological agents were: Streptococcus pneumoniae (16%), Cryptococcus neoformans/gatti (11.3%) and Herpes simplex virus (10.3%). Four double detections were found. Almost half of positive detections were in patients under 15 years old. This molecular approach is reliable and easily implantable into a laboratory routine, increasing the capacity of detection of bacterial and viral causative agents of meningitis, possibly playing a relevant role in the clinical context

Use of neurolinguistics on EFL learning process through peisprogram with young learners.

Neurolinguistic is referred to the relation between the brain and the way that it receives the language, understanding that the brain has 6 areas in which it works in order to acquire, process, and communicate the language, each area has a specific function that allows the acquisition of English as foreign language, using a variety of strategies and activities that help the brain to stimulate the individual in order to be involved into the development of the language. This study reports the findings of how neurolinguistic foster the learning of a foreign language through the Program of Integral Education Seduc (PEIS) as a strategy for teaching preschoolers in CONALDI School, using activities that allowed the English learning process on each student and helped them to acquire a new language. Field notes, diaries, video recordings and teacher insights were used as data collection instruments. Findings suggest that working with PEIS program can be useful for kindergarten grade, but always thinking about Colombian context. Therefore, through PEIS program and the use of Neurolinguistic teachers can consider when adapting their classes, also teachers can have an idea about how students can learn using different methods and strategies that PEIS program brings

Uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria: mapping the proteome from circulating platelets

Background: Thrombocytopenia is frequent in Plasmodium vivax malaria but the role of platelets in pathogenesis is unknown. Our study explores the platelet (PLT) proteome from uncomplicated P. vivax patients, to fingerprint molecular pathways related to platelet function. Plasma levels of Platelet factor 4 (PF4/CXCL4) and Von Willebrand factor (VWf), as well as in vitro PLTs—P. vivax infected erythrocytes (Pv-IEs) interactions were also evaluated to explore the PLT response and effect on parasite development. Methods: A cohort of 48 patients and 25 healthy controls were enrolled. PLTs were purified from 5 patients and 5 healthy controls for Liquid Chromatography–Mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis. Plasma levels of PF4/CXCL4 and VWf were measured in all participants. Additionally, P. vivax isolates (n = 10) were co-cultured with PLTs to measure PLT activation by PF4/CXCL4 and Pv-IE schizonts formation by light microscopy. Results: The proteome from uncomplicated P. vivax patients showed 26 out of 215 proteins significantly decreased. PF4/CXCL4 was significantly decreased followed by other proteins involved in platelet activation, cytoskeletal remodeling, and endothelial adhesion, including glycoprotein V that was significantly decreased in thrombocytopenic patients. In contrast, acute phase proteins, including SERPINs and Amyloid Serum A1 were increased. High levels of VWf in plasma from patients suggested endothelial activation while PF4/CXCL4 plasma levels were similar between patients and controls. Interestingly, high levels of PF4/CXCL4 were released from PLTs—Pv-IEs co-cultures while Pv-IEs schizont formation was inhibited. Conclusions: The PLT proteome analyzed in this study suggests that PLTs actively respond to P. vivax infection. Altogether, our findings suggest important roles of PF4/CXCL4 during uncomplicated P. vivax infection through a possible intracellular localization. Our study shows that platelets are active responders to P. vivax infection, inhibiting intraerythrocytic parasite development. Future studies are needed to further investigate the molecular pathways of interaction between platelet proteins found in this study and host response, which could affect parasite control as well as disease progression

Associations Between Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Nonresponsive Feeding Styles and Practices in Mothers of Young Children: A Systematic Review

Background: Childhood obesity is a significant global public health problem due to increasing rates worldwide. Growing evidence suggests that nonresponsive parental feeding styles and practices are important influences on children’s eating behaviors and weight status, especially during early childhood. Therefore, understanding parental factors that may influence nonresponsive parental feeding styles and practices is significant for the development of interventions to prevent childhood obesity. Objective: The objectives of this systematic review were to (1) identify and review existing research examining the associations between maternal depressive symptoms and use of nonresponsive feeding styles and practices among mothers of young children (2-8 years of age), (2) highlight the limitations of reviewed studies, and (3) generate suggestions for future research. Methods: Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) guidelines, six electronic academic databases were searched for peer-reviewed, full-text papers published in English between January 2000 and June 2016. Only studies with mothers 18+ years old of normally developing children between 2 and 8 years of age were included. Of the 297 citations identified, 35 full-text papers were retrieved and 8 were reviewed. Results: The reviewed studies provided mixed evidence for associations between maternal depressive symptoms and nonresponsive feeding styles and practices. Two out of three studies reported positive associations with nonresponsive feeding styles, in that mothers with elevated depressive symptoms were more likely than mothers without those symptoms to exhibit uninvolved and permissive or indulgent feeding styles. Furthermore, results of reviewed studies provide good evidence for association between maternal depressive symptoms and instrumental feeding (3 of 3 reviewed studies) and nonresponsive family mealtime practices (3/3), but mixed evidence for pressuring children to eat (3/6) and emotional feeding (1/3). In addition, evidence for the association between maternal depressive symptoms and restricting child food intake was mixed: one study (1/6) found a positive association; two studies (2/6) found a negative association; whereas one study (1/6) found no association. Conclusions: This review indicates that the results of studies examining the associations between maternal depressive symptoms and parental feeding styles and practices are mixed. Limitations of studies included in this review should be noted: (1) the use of a diverse set of self-report questionnaires to assess parental feeding practices is problematic due to potential misclassification and makes it difficult to compare these outcomes across studies, thus caution must be taken in drawing conclusions; and (2) the majority of included studies (6/8) were cross-sectional. There is a need for additional longitudinal studies to disentangle the influence of depression on parental feeding styles and practices. Nevertheless, given that depressive symptoms and feeding styles and practices are potentially modifiable, it is important to understand their relationship to inform obesity prevention interventions and programs

A review of early influences on physical activity and sedentary behaviors of preschool‐age children in high‐income countries

Purpose: Promoting physical activity (PA) is a key component of preventing and controlling childhood obesity. Despite well‐documented benefits of PA, globally, rates of PA among young children have declined over the past decades, and most children are not accruing sufficient PA daily. Helping children develop the foundation for PA habits early in life is critical for the promotion of health in childhood and prevention of chronic diseases later in life, and will ultimately promote longer and healthier lives for individuals and the general population. The purpose of this review is to provide a synthesis of current evidence on influences on PA and sedentary behaviors of preschool‐age children in high‐income countries. Design and Methods: A systematic review of three databases was performed. Studies conducted in high‐income countries and published from 2000 onward that addressed influences on PA and sedentary behaviors of preschool‐age children were identified and reviewed. Additionally, reference lists of identified articles and relevant published reviews were reviewed. Studies that met the following inclusion criteria were considered: (a) sample included preschoolers (age ≤5 years); (b) PA and/or sedentary behaviors or factors associated with PA and/or sedentary behaviors was assessed; (c) published in English; (d) used either quantitative or qualitative methods; and (e) conducted in a high‐income country. Data were extracted from selected studies to identify influences on PA and sedentary behaviors of preschool‐age children and organized using the social–ecological model according to multiple levels of influence. Results: Results from included studies identify multiple factors that influence PA and sedentary behaviors of young children in high‐income countries at the various levels of the social–ecological model including intrapersonal, interpersonal, environmental, organizational, and policy. Practice Implications: Given pediatric nurses’ role as primary care providers, and their frequent and continued contact with parents and their children throughout childhood through well‐child visits, immunization, and minor acute illnesses, they are well positioned to promote and support the development of early healthful PA habits of children starting in early childhood

Plan de mejoramiento a los conflictos ecológicos-distributivos en nueve municipios de Risaralda, a través de la intervención en la estructura económica - institucional con el sistema de pagos por servicios ambientales – Quinchía

CD-T 333.72 B61;204 p.El diagnóstico del presente documento, se realiza con métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, se analiza primero, los principales problemas económicos distributivos (Problemas ambientales, propios de una actividad productiva, en contraprestación del beneficio de una comunidad) presentes en el municipio de Quinchía, los cuales serán los asociados a la explotación aurífera, como lo son: Conflictos sobre el agua, la tierra, la biodiversidad y el aire, para después evaluar la viabilidad de la aplicación de innovaciones institucionales que en este caso serían estructuras cooperativas y los pagos por servicios ambientales (PSA), las cuales servirán de incentivos directos o indirectos con el objetivo de impulsar y recompensar a los actores a realizar prácticas amigables con el entorno que aseguren la continua provisión de servicios ambientalesUniversidad Libre Seccional Pereir

Aporte a la certificación de las buenas prácticas de laboratorio mediante el mejoramiento de la gestión documental

307 páginas : gráficasPor armonización a nivel mundial en la implementación de las Buenas Prácticas de Laboratorio, se debe garantizar la confiabilidad de los resultados de análisis emitidos por el laboratorio de control de calidad. Por tal motivo en Colombia por el Ministerio de salud y protección social emitió el 17 de septiembre del 2013 la resolución 3619, donde reglamenta que todos los laboratorios de control de calidad de medicamentos deben certificaren en BPL. Una multinacional con presencia en 10 países de Latinoamérica tiene la planta de producción y laboratorios de control de calidad en la ciudad de Bogotá y a marzo del 2019 no cuenta con certificación en buenas prácticas de laboratorio. Desde el 2017 se hizo una inyección de capital por la dirección de la compañía invertida en remodelación de la infraestructura, compra de equipos de laboratorio, capacitación del personal; Por lo anterior se adquiere el compromiso con la compañía de realizar las acciones necesarias para la obtención de la certificación del laboratorio de control de calidad en BPL. Con el objetivo de mejorar el sistema de gestión documental para el cumplimiento de las buenas prácticas de laboratorio según resolución 3619 del 2013. Se establecieron una serie de actividades como realizar un diagnóstico de la resolución con el fin de establecer el cumplimiento de la norma a la fecha, en los ítems con incumplimiento se realizó un análisis de riesgos para determinar la causa raíz y establecer las prioridades para abordarlos, posterior se realizaron las acciones de mejora al sistema de gestión documental. Se evidencio que la intervención documental fue efectiva, ya que al recibir la visita de auditoria en junio del 2019 por el INVIMA se tiene como resultado el cumplimiento con la certificación de buenas prácticas de laboratorio.Incluye bibliografíaPregradoQuímico(a) Farmacéutic