Radiation induced esophageal adenocarcinoma in a woman previously treated for breast cancer and renal cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Secondary radiation-induced cancers are rare but well-documented as long-term side effects of radiation in large populations of breast cancer survivors. Multiple neoplasms are rare. We report a case of esophageal adenocarcinoma in a patient treated previously for breast cancer and clear cell carcinoma of the kidney. CASE PRESENTATION: A 56 year-old non smoking woman, with no alcohol intake and no familial history of cancer; followed in the National Institute of Oncology of Rabat Morocco since 1999 for breast carcinoma, presented on consultation on January 2011 with dysphagia. Breast cancer was treated with modified radical mastectomy, 6 courses of chemotherapy based on CMF regimen and radiotherapy to breast, inner mammary chain and to pelvis as castration. Less than a year later, a renal right mass was discovered incidentally. Enlarged nephrectomy realized and showed renal cell carcinoma. A local and metastatic breast cancer recurrence occurred in 2007. Patient had 2 lines of chemotherapy and 2 lines of hormonotherapy with Letrozole and Tamoxifen assuring a stable disease. On January 2011, the patient presented dysphagia. Oesogastric endoscopy showed middle esophagus stenosing mass. Biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. No evidence of metastasis was noticed on computed tomography and breast disease was controlled. Palliative brachytherapy to esophagus was delivered. Patient presented dysphagia due to progressive disease 4 months later. Jejunostomy was proposed but the patient refused any treatment. She died on July 2011. CONCLUSION: We present here a multiple neoplasm in a patient with no known family history of cancers. Esophageal carcinoma is most likely induced by radiation. However the presence of a third malignancy suggests the presence of genetic disorders

Primary pleural leiomyosarcoma with rapid progression and fatal outcome: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Leiomyosarcomas are neoplasms of smooth muscles that most commonly arise from the uterus, gastrointestinal tract, or soft tissue. Primary pleural leiomyosarcoma is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, only nine cases have been published to date. Because of the rarity of pleural leiomyosarcoma and its similarity (clinical and histological) to other pleural neoplasms, particularly sarcomatous mesothelioma, diagnosis is often difficult.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 58-year-old North African man was admitted with complaints of dyspnea and chest pain to our hospital. Chest computed tomography revealed right pleural effusion and pleural thickening. A transthoracic needle biopsy yielded a diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma, and tumor cells were strongly and uniformly positive for vimentin, a smooth muscle actin at immunohistochemical analysis. A general examination did not show any metastatic lesions in other areas. One month after diagnosis, the tumor grew rapidly, with pulmonary invasion, and therefore he was treated only by palliative care. He died from respiratory failure one month later. Because no organ of origin of the leiomyosarcoma, other than the pleura, was detected, this case was diagnosed as a primary pleural leiomyosarcoma.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Although leiomyosarcoma originating from the pleura is rare, this entity is increasingly described. The purpose of presenting this case report is to raise awareness among clinicians to consider this clinical entity as a differential diagnosis when a pleural mass is identified.</p

Syndrome de détresse respiratoire associé à des troubles de la conscience suite à une embolie graisseuse post-traumatique à propos d’un cas avec revue de la littérature

Notre étude concerne un cas de syndrome d’embolie graisseuse, hospitalisé au service de réanimation chirurgicale de l’Hôpital Militaire d’Instruction Mohammed V à Rabat. Le diagnostic de SEG chez notre patient a été établi à partir de données cliniques (triade de Gurd), biologiques et radiologiques, qui étaient généralement comparables aux données de la littérature. Le SEG est une pathologie rare survenant après un traumatisme, des interventions orthopédiques et rarement chez des patients en dehors du contexte traumatique. Son mécanisme physiopathologique n’est pas bien élucidé, plusieurs théories ont été proposées pour expliquer sa pathogenèse. Les symptômes pulmonaires peuvent résulter de l'occlusion directe des capillaires pulmonaires par les emboles de graisse, ou des lésions de l’endothélium des capillaires pulmonaires dues à des substances biochimiques toxiques. On considère que les altérations neurologiques dans le syndrome d’embolie graisseuse sont dues à des mécanismes similaires. Le diagnostic du SEG est difficile et essentiellement clinique. La description classique du syndrome est la combinaison d’une insuffisance respiratoire, de troubles neurologiques et d’une éruption pétéchiale.  Parmi les examens paracliniques, la radiographie pulmonaire, la TDM thoracique et le lavage broncho-alvéolaire sont utiles pour le diagnostic du SEG. Le traitement du SEG est purement symptomatique, il vise à maintenir la fonction respiratoire et repose principalement sur la ventilation mécanique. Le pronostic est redoutable, la mortalité globale est de l’ordre de 10%. Les mesures préventives comportent la fixation précoce des fractures, le maintien d’une volémie efficace et d’une oxygénation adéquate, et l’utilisation de méthodes pour réduire la pression intramédullaire durant la chirurgie orthopédique

First line chemotherapy plus trastuzumab in metastatic breast cancer HER2 positive - Observational institutional study

Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease and among the most frequent causes of cancer mortality in females worldwide. Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is conventionally considered to be incurable. In first-line treatment of HER-2 positive MBC, randomized trials have demonstrated that trastuzumab when combined with chemotherapy significantly improves progression free survival and overall survival. To evaluate survival and toxicity of chemotherapy with Trastuzumab as first line therapy of human epithermal growth factor receptor 2 positive metastatic breast cancer, in Moroccan population. It is a phase IV observational institutional monocentric study. Including patients with metastatic breast cancer HER2 positive, as first-line chemotherapy combined with Trastuzumab from March 2009 until March 2010. Primary end point: progression free survival, secondary end point response rate and overall survival. A total of 20 patients were enrolled between March 2009 and March 2010. The lung was the first metastatic site in 60% of the cases, followed by bone, liver, nodes, skin and brain. All patients received chemotherapy with Trastuzumab: 9 of them with Docetaxel, 8 with vinorelbine, and 3 with capecitabine. The progression free survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, from the date of first cycle to the date of progression or at the last consultation, and the median was 12.8 months. Trastuzumab based chemotherapy was generally well tolerated; 5 patients (25%) presented cardiotoxicity. The results of this study join the literature and show the benefit of Trastuzumab to chemotherapy in first line metastatic breast cancer HER-2 positive.The Pan African Medical Journal 2016;2

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Report of 2 Cases

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is malignant tumor that exceptionally occurs in the uterine cervix. It is mostly seen in postmenopausal women and has an aggressive clinical course. We report two cases of an adenoid cystic carcinoma associated with a high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and discuss briefly its clinical and pathological characteristics

Radiation induced esophageal adenocarcinoma in a woman previously treated for breast cancer and renal cell carcinoma

Abstract Background Secondary radiation-induced cancers are rare but well-documented as long-term side effects of radiation in large populations of breast cancer survivors. Multiple neoplasms are rare. We report a case of esophageal adenocarcinoma in a patient treated previously for breast cancer and clear cell carcinoma of the kidney. Case presentation A 56 year-old non smoking woman, with no alcohol intake and no familial history of cancer; followed in the National Institute of Oncology of Rabat Morocco since 1999 for breast carcinoma, presented on consultation on January 2011 with dysphagia. Breast cancer was treated with modified radical mastectomy, 6 courses of chemotherapy based on CMF regimen and radiotherapy to breast, inner mammary chain and to pelvis as castration. Less than a year later, a renal right mass was discovered incidentally. Enlarged nephrectomy realized and showed renal cell carcinoma. A local and metastatic breast cancer recurrence occurred in 2007. Patient had 2 lines of chemotherapy and 2 lines of hormonotherapy with Letrozole and Tamoxifen assuring a stable disease. On January 2011, the patient presented dysphagia. Oesogastric endoscopy showed middle esophagus stenosing mass. Biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. No evidence of metastasis was noticed on computed tomography and breast disease was controlled. Palliative brachytherapy to esophagus was delivered. Patient presented dysphagia due to progressive disease 4 months later. Jejunostomy was proposed but the patient refused any treatment. She died on July 2011. Conclusion We present here a multiple neoplasm in a patient with no known family history of cancers. Esophageal carcinoma is most likely induced by radiation. However the presence of a third malignancy suggests the presence of genetic disorders.</p

MANAGEMENT OF EXTRAMEDULLARY PLASMOCYTOMA OF HEAD AND NECK

Extramedullary plasmocytoma is an expansion of a single clone of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells without evidence of multiple myeloma. It is un uncommon entity that occurs usually in head and neck area. It is radiocurable at average doses while adjuvant chemotherapy is still controversial. Progression rates to multiple myeloma are lower than bone plasmacytoma. We report three cases of extramedullary plasmacytoma and through a literature review we discuss radiation modalities as well as evolutionary aspects