The determinants of the propensity to receive publicly funded home care services for the elderly in Canada: A panel two-stage residual inclusion approach

The role of Home Care (HC) services for the elderly will be increasingly important in meeting populations' future needs for care. HC services include Home Health Care (HHC) and Homemaking/Personal Support (HMPS), distinction rarely seen in the literature. This paper argues that it is important to distinguish between these types of HC, since the factors that drive the likelihood of the receipt of each type of care may differ, and also to investigate the interrelationship between them. We explored the interrelationship between receipt of publicly funded HMPS and HHC, and the determinants of the receipt of each type of services. A Panel Two-Stage Residual Inclusion approach was applied to estimate the likelihood of the receipt of HC services using data for those aged 65 and over from 9 biannual waves of the Canadian National Population Health Survey (1994-95 to 2010-11). We found that there are in fact differences in the determinants of the likelihood of HHC and HMPS receipt. Moreover, receipt of publicly funded HMPS was found to be complementary with receipt of publicly funded HHC services after adjusting for functional and health status. Dependence on help with activities of daily living, health status, household arrangement, and income were found to be determinants of the propensity to receive both publicly funded HHC and HMPS services. This study aims to contribute to the existent literature by taking a step toward explicitly modelling the potential interaction between the determinants of the receipt of different types of HC services simultaneously, as a system. Our methodological approach, a Panel Two-Stage Residual Inclusion method, seems to effectively address problems that are known to be a source of bias in the literature

Propuesta didáctica de organización de contenidos para la enseñanza de la genética en educación superior a distancia.

Based on the acknowledgement of situations hindering learning contents in the area of genetics, a proposal containing three thematic units aimed to facilitate learning processes for the students enrolled in the Genetics Course at Universidad Nacional Abierta y A Distancia (UNAD) is designed. It should be noted that this proposal is not restricted to open and distance learning, but a point of departure to strengthening educational processes from reflection on practice. In this sense, relationship between the contents in the three units aforementioned and the structure of skills to be evaluated in each is presented, based on the notion of content interrelation and collective knowledge construction from observation and analysis processes integrating experience as a key aspect for understanding among students.A partir del reconocimiento de las situaciones que dificultan el aprendizaje de contenidos en el marco de la genética, se diseño una propuesta que maneja tres unidades conceptuales orientadas a viabilizar el proceso educativo de los estudiantes del Curso de Genética de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD) de Bogotá-Colombia. Es importante señalar que no se trata de una intención restringida al contexto de la educación abierta y a distancia, por el contrario, es un punto de partida para el fortalecimiento de los procesos educativos a partir de la reflexión sobre la propia práctica. En este sentido, se presentan las relaciones entre los contenidos de las tres unidades mencionadas y la estructura de competencias a evaluar en cada una de ellas, desde la idea de la interrelación de los contenidos y la construcción colectiva de saberes a partir de procesos de observación y análisis que integran la experiencia como un aspecto de suma importancia para la comprensión del estudiante

A multilayer network model of Covid-19: implications in public health policy in Costa Rica

Successful partnerships between researchers, experts, and public health authorities have been critical to navigate the challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic worldwide. In this collaboration, mathematical models have played a decisive role in informing public policy, with findings effectively translated into public health measures that have shaped the pandemic in Costa Rica. As a result of interdisciplinary and cross-institutional collaboration, we constructed a multilayer network model that incorporates a diverse contact structure for each individual. In July 2020, we used this model to test the effect of lifting restrictions on population mobility after a so-called “epidemiological fence” imposed to contain the country’s first big wave of cases. Later, in August 2020, we used it to predict the effects of an open and close strategy (the Hammer and Dance). Scenarios constructed in July 2020 showed that lifting restrictions on population mobility after less than three weeks of epidemiological fence would produce a sharp increase in cases. Results from scenarios in August 2020 indicated that the Hammer and Dance strategy would only work with 50% of the population adhering to mobility restrictions. The development, evolution, and applications of a multilayer network model of Covid-19 in Costa Rica has guided decision-makers to anticipate implementing sanitary measures and contributed to gain valuable time to increase hospital capacity.Universidad de Costa Rica/[]/UCR/Costa RicaOrganización Panamericana de la Salud/[]/OPS/OMS/Estados UnidosUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Puras y Aplicadas (CIMPA)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de Matemátic

Hipercolesterolemia familiar y diagnóstico. Revisión de la producción científica con apoyo de indicadores bibliométricos.

La Hipercolesterolemia Familiar (HF) es un trastorno genético que provoca el aumento del colesterol en la sangre y un incremento importante de desarrollo de ateroesclerosis. Objetivo: establecer el estado de la investigación en el tema de hipercolesterolemia familiar, revisar los principales documentos desarrollados en relación con la temática y explorar los posibles vacíos de conocimiento que surjan de este ejercicio académico con respecto al diagnóstico. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión con indicadores bibliométricos desde artículos de la base de datos de Web of Science, para el análisis se utilizaron los programas libres VOSviewer y Bibliometrix aplicación de R. Adicionalmente se revisaron los textos más citados. Resultados: Un total de 1102 artículos fueron hallados mediante los criterios de inclusión (HF y diagnóstico). Los autores más citados fueron Watts, GF. de Australia con n=32 publicaciones y 1279 citas, seguido por Kastelein, JP. de Holanda con n=28 publicaciones y 1157 citas, y Hegele, RA. de Canadá con n=30 publicaciones y 1003 citas asociadas a sus publicaciones. Discusión: La revisión indica producción importante en diagnóstico de HF en estos últimos diez años y progresos en el diagnóstico; sigue habiendo vacíos del conocimiento relacionados con la implementación de las políticas públicas, la falta de conocimiento sobre los riesgos de la HF en todos el personal interviniente y el desarrollo de las pruebas más efectivas y económicas

Una comunidad de saber con-sentido pedagógico. Experiencia de la Red de Instituciones por la Evaluación: avances, proyecciones, desafíos y recomendaciones

Esta publicación tiene como propósito compartir los avances logrados por la RIE durante sus dos años de funcionamiento. Constituye un material para la reflexión sobre lo que hacen los maestros y maestras de la ciudad para enriquecer la evaluación de los aprendizajes y favorecer el desarrollo social, afectivo, emocional y cognitivo de los estudiantes. En este sentido, se trata de un documento de referencia que se complementa y amplía con elementos académicos, técnicos y didácticos, como la Caja de Herramientas “Ideas compartidas: lo que hacemos cuando evaluamos con-sentido pedagógico”, dispuesto en el Portal Educativo Red Académica de la Secretaría de Educación del Distrito

Public, Private, and Informal Home Care in Canada: What are the Determinants of Utilization and the Interrelationship among Different Types of Services?

In Canada and internationally, increases in Home Care (HC) services for the elderly have been a policy priority in recent decades. HC services include Home Health Care (HHC) and Homemaking/Personal Support (HM). The primary objectives of this study were to explore the interrelationship among publicly funded, privately funded, and informal HC services in terms of potential for substitution, and between publicly funded HHC and HM services; and the determinants of the receipt of each type of HC services. Stabile, Laporte, and Coyte’s family home care decision model (2006) was extended, to develop an understanding of the demand for HHC and HM services separately and to include different household arrangements. The consequential hypotheses were tested in two empirical studies. Individual panel data for those aged 65 and over were derived from 8 biannual waves of the Canadian National Population Health Survey (1994-95 to 2008-09). A Panel Two-Stage Residual Inclusion method was used to estimate the likelihood of the receipt of HC services, adjusting for socio-demographic, health status, disability, dependence on help with Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), and regional characteristics. The results showed that receipt of publicly funded HM is complementary with receipt of publicly funded HHC services after adjusting for functional and health status. Receipt of publicly funded and privately funded HM services did not show an effect on each other. Receipt of publicly funded HM did not affect the receipt of informal HM services. The availability of informal care from a partner or other adult sharing the household reduced the likelihood of publicly funded HM receipt. Age, dependence on help with ADLs, health status and income are determinants of the propensity to receive publicly funded HHC and HM services as well as privately funded and informal HM. Findings in this study suggest that changes in the availability of publicly funded HC services may not greatly affect the provision of informal care in Canada. The complementary effect between publicly funded HHC and HM services and the income effect in the receipt of publicly and privately funded HC services may raise concerns about equitable access to HC services in Canadian jurisdictions.Ph