Child Sexual Abuse in California: Legislative and Judicial Responses

This Comment focuses on recent and proposed changes in California law that have occurred as a result of our discovering that thousands of children in this state are sexually abused each year. The majority of laws enacted will undoubtedly benefit the children who come in contact with the courts. However, a well-developed body of legislative and common law has been forged over the past century in California and should not be improvidently discarded. Many of the evidentiary issues relating to child molestation cases have been addressed by both the legislature and the courts over the years. Perhaps the true test of our criminal justice system is not the change made to adapt the system to current demands, but to what extent the system remains consistent in applying laws that have evolved over many years. The scope of this Comment is purposefully broad, intended to give the reader an overview of the varied legal problems that surround child sexual abuse cases in California. The Comment is divided into three sections. The first section defines the problem of child sexual abuse, surveys its far-reaching societal effects, and discusses how the California Legislature has responded to the problem. The second section comments on the pivotal factors that should be properly weighed when a decision is made to prosecute a suspected child molester. The third and main section discusses the evidentiary problems that permeate many aspects of child molestation cases. Numerous credibility and corroboration issues are analyzed, with emphasis on relevant recent and proposed changes in both the penal and evidentiary law

Characterization, Morphology, Oxidation, And Recession Of Silicon Nanowires Grown By Electroless Process

This dissertation presents heretofore undiscovered properties of Silicon Nanowires (SiNWs) grown by electroless process and presents mathematical solutions to the special problems of the oxidation and diffusion of dopants for SiNWs. Also presented here is a mathematical description of morphology of oxidized SiNWs. This dissertation is comprised of several discussions relating to SiNWs growth, oxidation, morphology and doping. In here is presented work derived from a long-term study of SiNWs. Several important aspects of SiNWs were investigated and the results published in journals and conference papers. The recession of SiNWs was heretofore unreported by other research groups. In our investigations, this began as a question, How far into the substrate does the etching process go when this method is used to make SiNWs? Our investigations showed that recession did take place, was controllable and that a number of variables were responsible. The growth mechanism of SiNWs grown by electroless process is discussed at length. The relation of exposed area to volume of solution is shown, derived from experimentation. A relation of Silver used to Si removed is presented, derived from experimentation. The agglomeration of SiNWs grown by the electroless process is presented. The oxidation of SiNWs is a subject of interest to many groups, although most other groups work with SiNWs grown by the VLS process, which is more difficult, time-consuming and expensive to do. The oxidation of planar Silicon (Si) is still a subject of study, even today, after many years of working with and refining our formulae, because of the changing needs of this science and industry. SiNWs oxidation formulae are more complicated than those for planar Si, partly because of their morphology and partly because of their scale. While planar Si only iv presents one orientation for oxidation, SiNWs present a range of orientations, usually everything between and ( the orientation is usually not presented during oxidation). This complicates the post-oxidation morphology to the extent that, subsequent to oxidation, SiNWs are more rectangular than cylindrical in shape. After etching to remove an oxidation layer from the SiNWs, the rectangular shape shifts 90° in orientation. In traditional oxidation, the Deal-Grove formulae are used, but when the oxidation must take place in very small layers, such as with nanoscale devices, the Massoud formulae have to be used. However, even with Massoud, these formulae are not as good because of the morphology. Deal-Grove and Massoud formulae are intended for use with planar Si. We present some formulae that show the change in shape of SiNWs during oxidation, due to their morphology. The diffusion of dopants in SiNWs is a subject few research groups have taken up. Most of the groups who have, use SiNWs grown by the VLS method to make measurements and report findings. In order to measure the diffusion of dopants in SiNWs, a controllable diameter is needed. There are a number of ways to measure diffusion in SiNWs, but none of the ones used so far apply well to SiNWs grown by electroless process. Usually these groups present some mathematical formulae to predict diffusion in SiNWs, but these seem to lack mathematical rigor. Diffusion is a process that is best understood using Fick’s Laws, which are applied to the problem of SiNWs in this dissertation. Diffusion is a science with a long history, going back at least 150 years. There are many formulae that can be used in the most common diffusion processes, but the processes involved with the diffusion of dopants in SiNWs is more complex than the simple diffusion processes that are fairly well-understood. Diffusion doping of SiNWs is a multiphase process that is more complex, first because it is multiphase and second because the second step involves a v multiplicity of diffusing elements, plus oxidation, which brings on the problems of moving boundaries. In this dissertation, we present solutions to these problems, and the two-step diffusion process for SiNWs

Writing the Literature Review

The purpose of this book is to help you write your next literature review. This is true whether you are crafting one for an undergraduate midterm paper, a doctoral dissertation, or working on your first manuscript for a peer review publication. For years, as professors we have read the best and worst of what students have written in our classes. We have witnessed in a handful of instances, undergraduate writers write more masterfully than doctoral students. We have witnessed doctoral students write first year papers which were ready for publication. And of course, the opposite is true. This begs, the question - what makes a student a good writing. Our hope is to answer that question in our textbook designed for you the student. Good writing comes down to practice, but having a guiding framework will be helpful as you begin your next paper. This book serves as a guide for how literature reviews are written in upper-level business courses, but the core advice and direction applies to most other disciplines. We organize the book into several sections designed to walk with you every step of the way as you write your next literature review. Importantly, we begin by describing the purpose of the literature review, and provide its use in the greater historical context of the scientific process. Second, we provide a guide on how to conduct the literature review itself, followed by detailed dissections of two types of literature reviews. Finally, we close with how to improve your command of academic writing and practical tips on how to evolve into a more complete writer.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/all_oer/1007/thumbnail.jp

Value Stream Mapping and Process Mining: A Lean Method Supported by Data Analytics

The analysis and further the reorganization of an order-production is a typical scope of application of a value stream mapping. Value stream mapping is a lean-management method to map the current state of a series of processes that are necessary to manufacture a product or provide a service. The ever-increasing digitalization emphasizes the importance of the information flow. Besides the material flow, the information flow is the second focus of value stream mapping. It is needed to get valuable insights into the production process by applying state-of-the-art data analytics methods. Process Mining is a possible method to analyse (business) process and process sequences based on event logs. This paper illustrates a method of combining conventional value stream mapping and Process Mining. While value stream mapping shows the material and information flow as the people think it is, Process Mining shows how they are, based on the data fingerprint. The comparison of the two outcomes allows conclusions for the following value stream design with a special focus on the use of data for Industry 4.0 applications. The application of both methods to an order-production enables to present results and compare both as well as present advantages and disadvantages

Insights into the reliability of Ni/Cu plated p-PERC silicon solar cells

Selective laser ablation of dielectric layers in combination with plated Ni/Cu/Ag contacts have been investigated by many photovoltaic researchers. Despite that there has been quite some practical progress on improved processing, the reliability of plated Ni/Cu/Ag cells still needs further insight and understanding. In this paper, the impact of laser induced defects that result from a ps-laser (wavelength 355nm) ablation on the performance of p-type PERC cells has been studied. A thermal stress experiment at 235 degrees C is applied. It is shown that the defects formed during the laser ablation process do indeed decrease the cell performance. A higher laser fluence results in lower fill factor and therefore lower efficiency. Moreover, the cells with higher laser fluence ablation degrade faster compared to the cells which had lower laser fluence to open the dielectric layer. The second part of the paper focuses on characterization of the p-n junction of the laser ablated cells by Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) before and after thermal ageing. A hole trap around 80K was found for all samples, which is related to point defects induced during the cell processing. A broad peak around 200K observed for the ablated cells with high laser fluence could correspond to dislocations induced by the laser ablation. This peak is shifted to higher energy (closer to the silicon mid-gap) after annealing, which may be due to impurity decoration during the annealing

Contours of Inclusion: Frameworks and Tools for Evaluating Arts in Education

This collection of essays explores various arts education-specific evaluation tools, as well as considers Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and the inclusion of people with disabilities in the design of evaluation instruments and strategies. Prominent evaluators Donna M. Mertens, Robert Horowitz, Dennie Palmer Wolf, and Gail Burnaford are contributors to this volume. The appendix includes the AEA Standards for Evaluation. (Contains 10 tables, 2 figures, 30 footnotes, and resources for additional reading.) This is a proceedings document from the 2007 VSA arts Research Symposium that preceded the American Evaluation Association's (AEA) annual meeting in Baltimore, MD

EIDECHSEN (REPTILIA) VOM KARIMUNDJAWA-RCHIPEL

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