Magneto Acoustic Spin Hall Oscillators

This paper introduces a novel oscillator that combines the tunability of spin Hall-driven nano oscillators with the high quality factor (Q) of high overtone bulk acoustic wave resonators (HBAR), integrating both reference and tunable oscillators on the same chip with CMOS. In such magneto acoustic spin Hall (MASH) oscillators, voltage oscillations across the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) that arise from a spin-orbit torque (SOT) are shaped by the transmission response of the HBAR that acts as a multiple peak-bandpass filter and a delay element due to its large time constant, providing delayed feedback. The filtered voltage oscillations can be fed back to the MTJ via a) strain, b) current, or c) magnetic field. We develop a SPICE-based circuit model by combining experimentally benchmarked models including the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (sLLG) equation for magnetization dynamics and the Butterworth Van Dyke (BVD) circuit for the HBAR. Using the self-consistent model, we project up to $\sim$ 50X enhancement in the oscillator linewidth with Q reaching up to 52825 at 3 GHz, while preserving the tunability by locking the STNO to the nearest high Q peak of the HBAR. We expect that our results will inspire MEMS-based solutions to spintronic devices by combining attractive features of both fields for a variety of applications

Untersuchung der virulenzeigenschaften von aus fleisch und fleischwaren isolierten staphylokokken

Virulence properties (biofilm formation, antibiotic susceptibility, production of extracellular enzymes and the presence of toxin genes) of staphylococci isolated from various meat and meat products were investigated. 22 Staphylococcus spp. (S. aureus n = 9, S. haemolytlcus n = 4, S. cohnii n = 3, S. saprophytics n = 3, S. hominis n = 1, S. simulans n = 1 and S. warneri n = 1) were isolated from 120 meat and meat product samples. 10 strains were biofilmformers. Although none of the strains was resistant to vancomycin, oxacillin, teicoplanin, ofloxacin and gentamicin, 8 strains were found to be resistant to penicillin and one strain was found to be resistant to erythromycin. In addition, all strains were negative for the mecA PCR. 8 strains showed lipolytic activity against Tween 80,10 strains against Tween 20, and 18 strains against tributyrin. Moreover, 9 strains showed proteolytic activity against casein, 11 strains against milk and 17 strains against skim milk containing media. Mostly S. aureus strains showed positive results for icaA-SA, nuc, geh, sspA, sspB, aur, serine protease gene, hla, hlb, set1, and etb. However, 7 of coagulase-negative staphylococci strains were found to carry see gene. As both prevalence and concentration of this bacterium were low, and no isolate contained all virulence factors, it is concluded that common hygiene and process control measures should be sufficient to control meatborne staphylococcal intoxication

Topological information device operating at the Landauer limit

We propose and theoretically investigate a novel Maxwell's demon implementation based on the spin-momentum locking property of topological matter. We use nuclear spins as a memory resource which provides the advantage of scalability. We show that this topological information device can ideally operate at the Landauer limit; the heat dissipation required to erase one bit of information stored in the demon's memory approaches kBTln2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that all available energy, kBTln2 per one bit of information, can be extracted in the form of electrical work. Finally, we find that the current-voltage characteristic of topological information device satisfy the conditions of an ideal memristor.</p

Soil loss prediction using universal soil loss equation (USLE) simulation model in a mountainous area in Aglasun district, Turkey

Land degradation and soil loss is a global event. Human induced pressures on the natural ecosystems are still in progress as well as conservation efforts. The need for sufficient knowledge and data for decision makers is obvious hence the present study was carried out. The study area, the Alasun district, is in the middle west of Turkey and is characterized by a cold and sub-humid Mediterranean climate. The mountainous area is mostly covered with average low canopy closure of 11 - 40% of different forest species (52% of the study area). Universal soil loss equation (USLE) simulation model was used to predict the soil loss amounts in the study area. The results show that the predicted average soil loss amount is 7.38 (ton/ha/year). The average soil depth is about 35 cm and the soil loss tolerance limit is widely exceeded in the study area

Towards a Unifying Model of Rationality in Multiagent Systems

Multiagent systems deployed in the real world need to cooperate with other agents (including humans) nearly as effectively as these agents cooperate with one another. To design such AI, and provide guarantees of its effectiveness, we need to clearly specify what types of agents our AI must be able to cooperate with. In this work we propose a generic model of socially intelligent agents, which are individually rational learners that are also able to cooperate with one another (in the sense that their joint behavior is Pareto efficient). We define rationality in terms of the regret incurred by each agent over its lifetime, and show how we can construct socially intelligent agents for different forms of regret. We then discuss the implications of this model for the development of "robust" MAS that can cooperate with a wide variety of socially intelligent agents.Comment: 5 Pages, To appear in the OptLearnMAS Workshop at AAMAS 202

TRAIL induces nuclear translocation and chromatin localization of TRAIL death receptors

Binding of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to the plasma membrane TRAIL-R1/-R2 selectively kills tumor cells. This discovery led to evaluation of TRAIL-R1/-R2 as targets for anti-cancer therapy, yet the corresponding clinical trials were disappointing. Meanwhile, it emerged that many cancer cells are TRAIL-resistant and that TRAIL-R1/R2-triggering may lead to tumor-promoting effects. Intriguingly, recent studies uncovered specific functions of long ignored intracellular TRAIL-R1/-R2, with tumor-promoting functions of nuclear (n)TRAIL-R2 as the regulator of let-7-maturation. As nuclear trafficking of TRAIL-Rs is not well understood, we addressed this issue in our present study. Cell surface biotinylation and tracking of biotinylated proteins in intracellular compartments revealed that nTRAIL-Rs originate from the plasma membrane. Nuclear TRAIL-Rs-trafficking is a fast process, requiring clathrin-dependent endocytosis and it is TRAIL-dependent. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence approaches revealed an interaction of nTRAIL-R2 with the nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttle protein Exportin-1/CRM-1. Mutation of a putative nuclear export sequence (NES) in TRAIL-R2 or the inhibition of CRM-1 by Leptomycin-B resulted in the nuclear accumulation of TRAIL-R2. In addition, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 constitutively localize to chromatin, which is strongly enhanced by TRAIL-treatment. Our data highlight the novel role for surface-activated TRAIL-Rs by direct trafficking and signaling into the nucleus, a previously unknown signaling principle for cell surface receptors that belong to the TNF-superfamily