Palatal and ramal plate applications

This chapter discusses two designs of appliance - modified C-palatal plates (MCCP) and ramal plates. It has been reported that MCPP appliances effectively distalize the posterior teeth in adults and adolescents. MCPPs should be adjusted on a dental cast so they can be shaped to fit the patient’s palate. The arms of the MCPPs should extend in the area between the first molar and second premolar or deciduous second molar, leaving sufficient space between the arms and the palatal slopes. Ramal plates have been reported as a viable treatment option for mandibular total arch distalization in Class III patient. The placement site of the ramal plate should be assessed thoroughly because of the retromolar foramen, which is present in 9-25% of the population. The MCPP is an effective, versatile, and easy-to-install appliance for achieving total arch distalization of the maxillary dentition with a relatively true bodily movement of the maxillary first molars

Actin acting at the Golgi

The organization, assembly and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton provide force and tracks for a variety of (endo)membrane-associated events such as membrane trafficking. This review illustrates in different cellular models how actin and many of its numerous binding and regulatory proteins (actin and co-workers) participate in the structural organization of the Golgi apparatus and in traf- ficking-associated processes such as sorting, biogenesis and motion of Golgi-derived transport carriers