Experiments on the Role of the Question Under Discussion for Ambiguity Resolution and Implicature Computation in Adults

From the Proceedings of SALT XVIII, 200

A Comparison of Organic and Steam Rankine Cycle Power Systems for Waste Heat Recovery on Large Ships

This paper presents a comparison of the conventional dual pressure steam Rankine cycle process and the organic Rankine cycle process for marine engine waste heat recovery. The comparison was based on a container vessel, and results are presented for a high-sulfur (3 wt %) and low-sulfur (0.5 wt %) fuel case. The processes were compared based on their off-design performance for diesel engine loads in the range between 25% and 100%. The fluids considered in the organic Rankine cycle process were MM(hexamethyldisiloxane), toluene, n-pentane, i-pentane and c-pentane. The results of the comparison indicate that the net power output of the steam Rankine cycle process is higher at high engine loads, while the performance of the organic Rankine cycle units is higher at lower loads. Preliminary turbine design considerations suggest that higher turbine efficiencies can be obtained for the ORC unit turbines compared to the steam turbines. When the efficiency of the c-pentane turbine was allowed to be 10% points larger than the steam turbine efficiency, the organic Rankine cycle unit reaches higher net power outputs than the steam Rankine cycle unit at all engine loads for the low-sulfur fuel case. The net power production from the waste heat recovery units is generally higher for the low-sulfur fuel case. The steam Rankine cycle unit produces 18% more power at design compared to the high-sulfur fuel case, while the organic Rankine cycle unit using MM produces 33% more power

Інституціональна структура суспільства та економічна безпека держави

У статті розглядається взаємозв’язок між інституціональною структурою суспільства та економічною безпекою держави. Виділено інститути, які мають найбільший вплив на економічну безпеку держави.The article is concerned with institutional structure and economic state security and its correlation. It focus on institutes that it have potent influence on economic state security

Multi-objective optimization of organic Rankine cycle power systems for waste heat recovery on heavy-duty vehicles

peer reviewedThe use of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power systems for waste heat recovery on internal combustion engines of heavy-duty vehicles can help to mitigate the greenhouse gasses and reduce the fuel consumption of the truck. However, designing an ORC system for this application is a complex process involving trade-offs among factors such as the performance, space/weight restrictions, and cost. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization study of an organic Rankine cycle unit for waste heat recovery from heavy-duty vehicles from techno-economic and sizing perspectives. The optimization was carried out for seven different working fluids using the genetic algorithm to minimize the cost, volume and mass, and maximize the net power output of the ORC unit. The ORC performances for a driving cycle of a truck were also evaluated. In general, the results indicate that the mass, volume, cost and net power output of the ORC system increase with increase in evaporation temperature. The results suggest that when condensation temperature was decreased from 60°C to 40°C, the cost, volume, and weight of the ORC unit increased significantly. The maximum net power output, both at design and off-design conditions, is obtained with pentane as working fluid. For this design the net power output of the ORC unit is 10.94 kW at design condition and 8.3 kW at off-design (in average) condition, and the mass, volume, and cost of the ORC system are 129 kg, 1.077 m3, and 8527 €, respectively

Genomic analysis of the TRIM family reveals two groups of genes with distinct evolutionary properties

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The TRIM family is composed of multi-domain proteins that display the Tripartite Motif (RING, B-box and Coiled-coil) that can be associated with a C-terminal domain. TRIM genes are involved in ubiquitylation and are implicated in a variety of human pathologies, from Mendelian inherited disorders to cancer, and are also involved in cellular response to viral infection.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we defined the entire human TRIM family and also identified the TRIM sets of other vertebrate (mouse, rat, dog, cow, chicken, tetraodon, and zebrafish) and invertebrate species (fruitfly, worm, and ciona). By means of comparative analyses we found that, after assembly of the tripartite motif in an early metazoan ancestor, few types of C-terminal domains have been associated with this module during evolution and that an important increase in TRIM number occurred in vertebrate species concomitantly with the addition of the SPRY domain. We showed that the human TRIM family is split into two groups that differ in domain structure, genomic organization and evolutionary properties. Group 1 members present a variety of C-terminal domains, are highly conserved among vertebrate species, and are represented in invertebrates. Conversely, group 2 is absent in invertebrates, is characterized by the presence of a C-terminal SPRY domain and presents unique sets of genes in each mammal examined. The generation of independent sets of group 2 genes is also evident in the other vertebrate species. Comparing the murine and human TRIM sets, we found that group 1 and 2 genes evolve at different speeds and are subject to different selective pressures.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We found that the TRIM family is composed of two groups of genes with distinct evolutionary properties. Group 2 is younger, highly dynamic, and might act as a <it>reservoir </it>to develop novel TRIM functions. Since some group 2 genes are implicated in innate immune response, their evolutionary features may account for species-specific battles against viral infection.</p