Maturitätsprofile als differenzielle Lernkontexte. Eine empirische Analyse des Zusammenhanges zwischen institutionellen Rahmungen und Kompetenzentwicklungen der Gymnasiastinnen und Gymnasiasten

In diesem Beitrag wird die Frage gestellt, inwiefern in der gymnasialen Ausbildung in der Entwicklung von überfachlichen Kompetenzen sowohl profil- wie auch geschlechtsspezifische Effekte in Abhängigkeit des Lernkontextes (Maturitätsprofile) sichtbar werden. Die präsentierten Ergebnisse basieren auf einer 2x2 univariaten multifaktoriellen Kovarianzanalyse. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Maturitätsprofile als Institutionalisierung schulischer Ausbildungen in einem bedeutsamen Zusammenhang stehen mit der Entwicklung der überfachlichen Kompetenzen der Schüler/innen. Interaktionseffekte lassen sich in einzelnen Kompetenzdimensionen identifizieren und verweisen in den meisten Fällen darauf, dass sich männliche Jugendlichen in einzelnen Profilen stärker von ihren Kollegen in den anderen Profilen unterscheiden als weibliche Jugendliche. (DIPF/Orig.)«Maturity profiles» are different upper secondary school tracks diplomas. This paper investigates to what extent the development of cross-curricular competencies in upper secondary education depends on the students gender and on their learning context related to each maturity profile. The results presented are based on a 2x2 analysis of variance. The results show that maturity profiles, as institutionalisation of secondary schooling, show a significant correlation with the development of students’ cross-curricular competencies in students. Interaction effects can be identified on specific competency dimensions ; in most cases they indicate stronger differences of competency between young males of different maturity profiles than between young females. (DIPF/Orig.

Systeme der Rechenschaftslegung und Schulentwicklung. Editorial

Für die Weiterentwicklung des Monitoring- und Rechenschaftssystems in Deutschland ist es notwendig, die Einführung der jeweiligen Monitoringinstrumente unter Berücksichtigung der international vorliegenden empirischen Ergebnisse zu gestalten und empirisch zu untersuchen, welche zielkonvergenten wie auch zieldivergenten Auswirkungen diese Verfahren auf die Schul- und Unterrichtsqualität, auf die Schulentwicklung und auf die Entwicklung der Kompetenzen und Bildungsprozesse der Schülerinnen und Schüler haben. Rechenschaftssysteme sind somit vor allem in ihrer Funktionalität für die Schulentwicklung zu beurteilen. Dazu besteht in den deutschsprachigen Ländern insgesamt ein hoher Forschungsbedarf, wobei in besonderem Maße Wirkungs- und Längsschnittanalysen sowohl auf individueller wie auf schulischer Ebene unter Berücksichtigung multidimensionaler Kriterien fehlen. Der vorliegende Thementeil integriert vier Beiträge zum Thema. (DIPF/Orig.

Proposal to inform European institutions regarding the regulation of conscientious objection to abortion.

The aim of this paper is to define a set of proposals to inform European institutions in the regulation of Conscientious Objection to abortion. The board of the European Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care (ESC) was informed on the elements that should in the opinion of the authors be included in a future regulation of Conscientious Objection to abortion in Europe. These elements are outlined in this paper and the debate about them could form the basis for recommendations to the international scientific community and the European institutions. As current measures governing the principle of conscientious objection result in negative consequences regarding women's access to sexual and reproductive health services, they should be changed. Healthcare services should adopt measures to guarantee that a woman's right to voluntary abortion is not limited by the practitioner's stance on the principle of conscientious objection. In the countries where conscientious objection is allowed, the regulation must clearly delineate the extent of the duties and the exemptions of professionals based on the principles of established social consensus. The recommendations included in this document specify measures on the rights of women, the rights and duties of the practitioner, the role of institutions and the role of professional associations

a consensus statement from the European Headache Federation (EHF) and the European Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health (ESC)

Several data indicate that migraine, especially migraine with aura, is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke and other vascular events. Of concern is whether the risk of ischemic stroke in migraineurs is magnified by the use of hormonal contraceptives. As migraine prevalence is high in women of reproductive age, it is common to face the issue of migraine and hormonal contraceptive use in clinical practice. In this document, we systematically reviewed data about the association between migraine, ischemic stroke and hormonal contraceptive use. Thereafter a consensus procedure among international experts was done to develop statements to support clinical decision making, in terms of cardiovascular safety, for prescription of hormonal contraceptives to women with migraine. Overall, quality of current evidence regarding the risk of ischemic stroke in migraineurs associated with the use of hormonal contraceptives is low. Available data suggest that combined hormonal contraceptive may further increase the risk of ischemic stroke in those who have migraine, specifically migraine with aura. Thus, our current statements privilege safety and provide several suggestions to try to avoid possible risks. As the quality of available data is poor further research is needed on this topic to increase safe use of hormonal contraceptives in women with migraine

Assessing the Value of Prehabilitation in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Surgery According to the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Pathway for the Improvement of Postoperative Outcomes: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

A key element in the postoperative phase of the standardized Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) treatment pathways is mobilization. Currently, there are no recommendations in the ERAS guidelines for preoperative physical activity. Patients undergoing major surgery are prone to functional decline due to the impairment of muscle, cardiorespiratory, and neurological function as a response to surgical stress. It has been shown that preoperative physical training reduces postoperative complications. To date, there are limited studies that investigate preoperative physical training combined with ERAS

In search of the authentic nation: landscape and national identity in Canada and Switzerland

While the study of nationalism and national identity has flourished in the last decade, little attention has been devoted to the conditions under which natural environments acquire significance in definitions of nationhood. This article examines the identity-forming role of landscape depictions in two polyethnic nation-states: Canada and Switzerland. Two types of geographical national identity are identified. The first – what we call the ‘nationalisation of nature’– portrays zarticular landscapes as expressions of national authenticity. The second pattern – what we refer to as the ‘naturalisation of the nation’– rests upon a notion of geographical determinism that depicts specific landscapes as forces capable of determining national identity. The authors offer two reasons why the second pattern came to prevail in the cases under consideration: (1) the affinity between wild landscape and the Romantic ideal of pure, rugged nature, and (2) a divergence between the nationalist ideal of ethnic homogeneity and the polyethnic composition of the two societies under consideration

Local surface structure and composition control the hydrogen evolution reaction on iron nickel sulfides

In order to design more powerful electrocatalysts, developing our understanding of the role of the surface structure and composition of widely abundant bulk materials is crucial. This is particularly true in the search for alternative hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts to replace platinum. We report scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) measurements of the (111)‐crystal planes of Fe4.5Ni4.5S8, a highly active HER catalyst. In combination with structural characterization methods, we show that this technique can reveal differences in activity arising from even the slightest compositional changes. By probing electrochemical properties at the nanoscale, in conjunction with complementary structural information, novel design principles are revealed for application to rational material synthesis

Bi-Functional Iron-Only Electrodes for Efficient Water Splitting with Enhanced Stability through in Situ Electrochemical Regeneration

Scalable and robust electrocatalysts are required for the implementation of water splitting technologies as a globally applicable means of producing affordable renewable hydrogen. We demonstrate herein that iron-only electrode materials prove to be active for catalyzing both proton reduction and water oxidation in alkaline electrolyte solution with superior activity to that of previously established bi-functional catalysts containing less abundant elements. The reported bi-functionality of the iron electrodes is reversible upon switching of the applied bias through electrochemical interconversion of catalytic species at the electrode surface. Cycling of the applied bias results in in-situ electrochemical regeneration of the catalytic surfaces and thereby extends the catalyst stability and lifetime of the water electrolyzer. Full water splitting at a current density of I = 10 mA cm⁻² is achieved at a bias of approximately 2 V which is stable over at least 3 days (72 one hour switching cycles). Thus, potential-switching is established as a possible strategy of stabilizing electrode materials against degradation in symmetrical water splitting systems.The author’s thank the Oppenheimer Fund (University of Cambridge), the EPSRC (Grant EP/H00338X/2), the Christian Doppler Research Association (Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy and National Foundation for Research, Technology and Development) and OMV Group for financial support. We also thank the National EPSRC XPS User’s Service (NEXUS) at Newcastle University, UK, where XPS spectra were obtained. Dr Chia-Yu Lin is acknowledged for his invaluable help in initial experiments.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.20150209

Atomic-layer-deposited ultrafine MoS2 nanocrystals on cobalt foam for efficient and stable electrochemical oxygen evolution

Ultrafine molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) nanocrystals are grown on a porous cobalt (Co) foam current collector by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using molybdenum hexacarbonyl and hydrogen sulfide as precursors. When used to catalyze the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the optimal Co@MoS2 electrode, even with a MoS2 loading as small as 0.06 mg cm-2, exhibits a large cathodic shift of ca. 200 mV in the onset potential (the potential at which the current density is 5 mA cm-2), a low overpotential of only 270 mV to attain an anodic current density of 10 mA cm-2, much smaller charge transfer resistance and substantially improved long-term stability at both low and high current densities, with respect to the bare Co foam electrode, showing substantial promise for use as an efficient, low-cost and durable anode in water electrolyzers.L. F. Liu acknowledges the support of the FCT Investigator grant (no. IF/01595/2014) and the Exploratory grant (No. IF/01595/2014/CP1247/CT0001) from the Portuguese Foundation of Science & Technology (FCT). D. H. Xiong and W. Li are thankful for the financial support from Marie Curie Action COFUND fellowships (NanoTrainforGrowth, Grant Agreement no. 600375) under the FP7 framework. D. H. Xiong also acknowledges the financial support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2015 T80847). This work was partly funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project "CritCat" (Grant Agreement No. 686053).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

KEAMANAN PEWARNA PADA CONE ES KRIM: STUDI KASUS PADA PEDAGANG KELILING DI KOTA BENGKULU

Keamanan pangan merupakan isu penting yang mempengaruhi kesehatan masyarakat, terutama pada produk pangan yang dijual di lingkungan terbuka seperti es krim cone dari pedagang keliling. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan pewarna pada cone es krim yang dijual oleh pedagang keliling di Kota Bengkulu serta mengevaluasi tingkat keamanannya bagi konsumen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis laboratorium terhadap sampel cone es krim yang diambil secara acak dari berbagai lokasi di Kota Bengkulu. Pewarna yang teridentifikasi dianalisis menggunakan teknik kromatografi Kertas (KK) dan spektrofotometri serta Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT) untuk menentukan jenis dan konsentrasinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar sampel mengandung pewarna sintetik yang diizinkan, namun terdapat beberapa sampel yang mengandung pewarna yang tidak diizinkan atau melebihi batas aman yang ditetapkan oleh Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM). Selain itu, ditemukan adanya kontaminasi silang yang dapat meningkatkan risiko kesehatan bagi konsumen. Berdasarkan temuan ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa masih terdapat praktik penggunaan pewarna yang tidak sesuai dengan standar keamanan pangan pada cone es krim yang dijual oleh pedagang keliling di Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya peningkatan pengawasan dan edukasi terhadap pedagang es krim keliling mengenai penggunaan bahan tambahan pangan yang aman dan sesuai regulasi. Rekomendasi kebijakan mencakup pengetatan regulasi, peningkatan frekuensi inspeksi, serta kampanye kesadaran publik tentang bahaya penggunaan pewarna yang tidak aman. Dengan demikian, diharapkan dapat tercipta lingkungan pangan yang lebih aman dan sehat bagi masyarakat Kota Bengkulu