Transcription of hexose transporters of is affected by change in oxygen provision-3

state oxygen concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.8 or 20.9% Oin glucose-limited chemostats (D = 0.10 h, pH 5.0, 30°C, and 1.5 vvm gas flow). Error bars indicate ± sem for 4 to 8 samples taken during steady states in 2 to 4 cultivations. Values with the same letter (a to e) for the same gene did not differ significantly (p > 0.05, Dunnett's T3 multiple range test) from data points showing the same letter.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Transcription of hexose transporters of is affected by change in oxygen provision"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/8/53</p><p>BMC Microbiology 2008;8():53-53.</p><p>Published online 28 Mar 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2324102.</p><p></p

Table_1_Enhanced Triacylglycerol Production With Genetically Modified Trichosporon oleaginosus.PDF

<p>Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is important in the production of lipids in oleaginous yeast, but other yeast may bypass the mitochondria (PDH bypass), converting pyruvate in the cytosol to acetaldehyde, then acetate and acetyl CoA which is further converted to lipids. Using a metabolic model based on the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, we found that introduction of this bypass to an oleaginous yeast should result in enhanced yield of triacylglycerol (TAG) on substrate. Trichosporon oleaginosus (formerly Cryptococcus curvatus) is an oleaginous yeast which can produce TAGs from both glucose and xylose. Based on the sequenced genome, it lacks at least one of the enzymes needed to complete the PDH bypass, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALD), and may also be deficient in pyruvate decarboxylase and acetyl-CoA synthetase under production conditions. We introduced these genes to T. oleaginosus in various combinations and demonstrated that the yield of TAG on both glucose and xylose was improved, particularly at high C/N ratio. Expression of a phospholipid:diacyltransferase encoding gene in conjunction with the PDH bypass further enhanced lipid production. The yield of TAG on xylose (0.27 g/g) in the engineered strain approached the theoretical maximum yield of 0.289 g/g. Interestingly, TAG production was also enhanced compared to the control in some strains which were given only part of the bypass pathway, suggesting that these genes may contribute to alternative routes to cytoplasmic acetyl CoA. The metabolic model indicated that the improved yield of TAG on substrate in the PDH bypass was dependent on the production of NADPH by ALD. NADPH for lipid synthesis is otherwise primarily supplied by the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). This would contribute to the greater improvement of TAG production from xylose compared to that observed from glucose when the PDH bypass was introduced, since xylose enters metabolism through the non-oxidative part of the PPP. Yield of TAG from xylose in the engineered strains (0.21–0.27 g/g) was comparable to that obtained from glucose and the highest so far reported for lipid or TAG production from xylose.</p

Transcription factors are presented with boldfacing and connected to the respective target genes with gray lines

The connections shown between transcription factors and their target genes are based on compilations in Yeast Proteome Database [][] and on the transcription factor binding network by Young and co-workers []. Expression of the genes presented in white boxes with black text was highest in the glucose derepressed cells (Derep.) and lowest in the glucose repressed cells (Rep.). Expression of the genes presented in black boxes with white text was highest in the glucose repressed cells and lowest in the glucose derepressed cells. Expression of the genes presented in dark gray boxes with black text was highest in the xylose-grown cells and lowest in the glucose derepressed cells. Expression of the genes presented in light gray boxes with black text was highest in the xylose-grown cells and lowest in the glucose repressed cells. Expression of the genes presented in gray boxes with white text was lowest in the xylose-grown cells. In addition to the genes shown in the figure, 89% of the genes (31 out of 35) annotated to GO category "Oxidative phosphorylation" and its daughter categories [] had highest expression in the glucose derepressed cells, lowest expression in the glucose repressed cells and intermediate expression in the cells grown on xylose (data not shown).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Regulation of xylose metabolism in recombinant "</p><p>http://www.microbialcellfactories.com/content/7/1/18</p><p>Microbial Cell Factories 2008;7():18-18.</p><p>Published online 4 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2435516.</p><p></p

Physiological evaluation of the filamentous fungus in production processes by marker gene expression analysis-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Physiological evaluation of the filamentous fungus in production processes by marker gene expression analysis"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6750/7/28</p><p>BMC Biotechnology 2007;7():28-28.</p><p>Published online 30 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1899492.</p><p></p>se and laccase genes as logratio to maximal expression measured in the cultures (blue symbols). Expression of genes showing >2-fold increasing mRNA level relative to polyA RNA after exhaustion of lactose as logratio to the expression level in a sample taken before the observed increase (red symbols)

Physiological evaluation of the filamentous fungus in production processes by marker gene expression analysis-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Physiological evaluation of the filamentous fungus in production processes by marker gene expression analysis"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6750/7/28</p><p>BMC Biotechnology 2007;7():28-28.</p><p>Published online 30 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1899492.</p><p></p>pression level measured in the first sample (19.2 h). Expression levels were normalised using polyA RNA

The y-axis corresponds to the difference of a gene relative to the mean expression of the gene in all samples on a log-scale (values above zero-level represent up-regulation and below it down-regulation)

The red lines represent the average expression pattern of each cluster. The x-axes are the 5 h and 24 h glucose and 72 h xylose samples (Glc5h, Glc24h and Xyl72h, respectively). The total number of genes in each cluster was: 484, 514, 127, 182, 22, 22, 34 and 54 for clusters 1 to 8, respectively.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Regulation of xylose metabolism in recombinant "</p><p>http://www.microbialcellfactories.com/content/7/1/18</p><p>Microbial Cell Factories 2008;7():18-18.</p><p>Published online 4 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2435516.</p><p></p

Physiological evaluation of the filamentous fungus in production processes by marker gene expression analysis-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Physiological evaluation of the filamentous fungus in production processes by marker gene expression analysis"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6750/7/28</p><p>BMC Biotechnology 2007;7():28-28.</p><p>Published online 30 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1899492.</p><p></p>al expression levels of , and measured in an anaerobic culture (AnA, DW 4 g l, pO~0%), steady state with high cell density (SS-HD, DW 16 g l, pO~30%) and with low cell density (SS-LD, DW 4 g l, pO~80%), in batch cultures with high cell density (B-HD, DW 20 g l, pO~30%) and in shake flask precultures (SF, DW ~2 g l). Error bars show the standard deviation between triplicate cultures

Comparison of protein coding gene contents of the fungal phyla Pezizomycotina and Saccharomycotina-8

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Comparison of protein coding gene contents of the fungal phyla Pezizomycotina and Saccharomycotina"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/325</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():325-325.</p><p>Published online 17 Sep 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2045113.</p><p></p

Comparison of protein coding gene contents of the fungal phyla Pezizomycotina and Saccharomycotina-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Comparison of protein coding gene contents of the fungal phyla Pezizomycotina and Saccharomycotina"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/325</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():325-325.</p><p>Published online 17 Sep 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2045113.</p><p></p>lusters i.e. clusters with only a single member ORF (right y-axis) for clusterings made with different inflation values (x-axis)

Comparison of protein coding gene contents of the fungal phyla Pezizomycotina and Saccharomycotina-10

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Comparison of protein coding gene contents of the fungal phyla Pezizomycotina and Saccharomycotina"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/325</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():325-325.</p><p>Published online 17 Sep 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2045113.</p><p></p>ditionally two example screenshots are shown. See text for further details