Avaliação da regeneração de ramos de jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf ex wardleworth).

Entre as plantas que possuem efeito medicinal comprovado, o jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf ex wardleworth) é considerado planta obrigatória em programas de conservação. Das folhas, são extraídas sais de pilocarpina, cuja principal ação ocorre no tratamento contra o glaucoma. Nesse sentido, estudos relacionados com a regeneração de ramos de jaborandi são fundamentais no manejo para a colheita de folhas dessa espécie. Os acessos avaliados na pesquisa foram: Maisa, Merck cultivado a pleno sol e Merck cultivado à sombra; foram utilizados dois tipos de corte nos ramos, respectivamente, a 10 e 20 cm das bifurcações dos ramos. O acesso Merck cultivado a pleno sol obteve maiores resultado em relação ao número de folíolos e comprimento da brotação na altura de corte de 10 cm. Na altura de corte de 20 cm, o maior número de folíolos foi obtido pelos acessos Merck cultivado a pleno sol e na sombra e em relação ao comprimento da brotação o acesso, que sobressaio sobre os demais foi o Merck cultivado a pleno sol.PIBIC-2011

Technology transfer in the interwar U.S. pharmaceutical sector: the case of E. Merck of Darmstadt and Merck & Co., Rahway New Jersey

This is a case study of the U.S. pharmaceuticals producer, Merck & Co. By 1940 this was one of the leading pharmaceutical producers in the United States, and went on to become one of the global industry leaders after the second world war. It was founded in 1891 as the U.S. subsidiary of a much larger German pharmaceuticals company, E. Merck of Darmstadt. The existing understanding of Merck & Co’s history emphasises how it was reacquired by the American branch of the Merck family after wartime sequestration, and that from then onwards it pursued a path of development separate from its former parent. This article revisits that history of the company and shows how the two Merck’s began to co operate and share technology and manufacturing know-how during the 1930s, something which was particularly to the advantage of Merck & Co

Merck KGAA v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd.: Greater Research Protection for Drug Manufacturers

Merck sought protection under a statutory exemption from claims of patent infringement brought by Integra Lifesciences. The Court held unanimously that the safe harbor contained in 35 U.S.C. § 271(e)(1) protected the use of patented inventions used in preclinical research where the results were not submitted to the FDA. The Court\u27s interpretation of the safe harbor provision broadened protection for those engaged in drug research at a substantial cost to patent-holders

Pharmaceutical research in Wilhelmine Germany: The case of E. Merck

In this paper, we describe the emergence and evolution of pharmaceutical research at the German company E. Merck during the late 19th and early 20th century. Revolutionary changes in the scientific knowledge base, especially the rise of bacteriological research, and the market entry of dyestuff producers into pharmaceuticals made the re-organisation of pharmaceutical research during the 1890s a necessary corporate strategy. Consequently, Merck restructured its in-house research between 1895 and 1898. Moreover, the firm deepened its co-operation with universities and other outside inventors. Jointly and severally, the firm depended on outside inventors for the generation of new products, whereas in-house scientists improved the productive efficiency. Moreover, we show that a significant number of new products were launched between the late 1890s and 1905. During the following years, however, resource constraints restricted Merck’s innovative capacity.Business history, pharmaceutical research, case study

Increasing awareness and reputation of Merck S.A. Portugal through employee advocacy

Merck KGaA is a global Science and Technology company, focusing on the Healthcare Industry, Life Science and Performance Materials. However, Merck in Portugal is a relatively small subsidiary with a midsized office in Miraflores, employing approximately 114 employees. Merck S.A. Portugal focuses mainly on the Healthcare Market. As the company went through a major transformation in 2016, it created a need to communicate on a low cost basis and in an efficient way, using digital as its main channel. The aim of this in company project was to introduce Employee Advocacy as a solution to digital communication. Employee Advocacy is a new communications concept derived from employee social media usage and employee word of mouth. It has been noted that employee networks are wider than company’s own and employee word of mouth is more trustworthy. Before the tool could be implemented the author did a research on what motivates employees to commit to Brand Citizenship Behavior, in other words, what is the driver that makes employees want to share company content on their personal social media profiles. Findings revealed that in the case of Merck S.A. Portugal employees individual internal drive and brand knowledge are factors affecting willingness to share on social media. Based on the results a series of internal strategies were applied on- and offline.Merck KGaA é uma empresa global especializada na Industria Farmacêutica, Life Science and Performance Materials. A Merck S.A. em Portugal é uma filial de tamanho médio, tendo aproximadamente 114 empregados. O escritório está localizado em Miraflores, Lisboa. A Merck em Portugal está focada principalmente na indústria farmacêutica. Em 2016, a Merck empreendeu numa renovação incorporando a digitalização na sua estratégia, tendo implementado a comunicação digital numa maneira low cost e efetiva. O motivo deste trabalho "dentro de companhia" foi introduzir o Employee Advocacy como um novo conceito de comunicação digital. Employee Advocacy é um conceito inovador que incorpora os empregados na comunicação corporativa. Os empregados podem partilhar conteúdo da Merck S.A. Portugal nas suas redes sociais privadas utilizando o conceito do "word of mouth". As redes sociais dos empregados são maiores do que da empresa e o WOM é mais confiável. Antes de implementar a programa, a Merck S.A. Portugal precisava de fazer um estudo das necessidades e os motivos que levam os empregados a comprometer-se com o Brand Citizenship Behavior. Em outras palavras, quais são os fatores que fazem os empregados partilhar conteúdo nas suas redes sociais privadas. Os resultados mostraram que a vontade pessoal dos empregados (internal drive) e conhecimento da marca, têm impacto significante na vontade de partilhar nas redes sociais. Depois de obter os resultados, a empresa aplicou estratégias online e offline

O efeito da domesticação na degradação da economia extrativa: o caso jaborandi no município de Parauapebas, Estado do Pará.

A domesticação do jaborandi pela Merck constitui um exemplo de investimento de pesquisa no qual todo o beneficio econômico foi totalmente apropriado pela empresa. A domesticação do jaborandi promoveu a concentração da produção, entendida pela Merck como a maneira de salvaguardar o fornecimento de matéria-prima afetada pela depredação das áreas de ocorrência natural. Há necessidade de se criar mecanismos para que esses resultados possam ser democratizados para atender aos interesses dos agricultores locais. A geração de tecnologia de domesticação de produtos da biodiversidade pela iniciativa privada tem o aspecto positivo do Estado em investir em outros setores mais prioritários ou que não consegue capturar os benefícios privados. Por outro lado constitui em limitação para a difusão para a produção familiar como alternativa econômica. Com a saída da Merck na comercialização do jaborandi extrativo os trabalhadores passaram a ser coletores de encomendas avulsas e incertas da Sourcetech e das indústrias de cosméticos. A descoberta de substitutos da pilocarpina no tratamento de glaucoma coloca em questão a própria importância do jaborandi no futuro. Como aconteceu com a cinchona no tratamento da malária, os fitofármacos apresentam ciclos de utilidade, sujeito ao desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico. A ênfase exagerada sobre as potencialidades da biodiversidade da Amazônia como sendo a redenção econômica da região, escondem surpresas, no qual os benefícios para a agricultura familiar podem ficar totalmente restritos. As possíveis vantagens comparativas dos recursos extrativos existentes podem ser destruídas pela domesticação ou pela extração predatória

Efek Aditif Bi2o3 Terhadap Mikrostruktur Dan Koefisien Non Linear Varistor Zno.

The varistor ZnO has been made by using raw materials: ZnO (E-Merck) and additive 0 %, 2.5 %, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% wt. Bi2O3. The important property of varistor ZnO is coefficient of non linier () and it can give influence correlation between current I and voltage V

Boosting the Immunization Workforce: Lessons from the Merck Vaccine Network - Africa

This report shares lessons learned from The Merck Company Foundation's decade of experience building immunization capacity in Africa. The Merck Vaccine Network -- Africa, a philanthropic initiative to train immunization managers in Kenya, Mali, Uganda, and Zambia, suggests seven key lessons that can help other funders, governments, and NGOs designing or implementing similar vaccine delivery training programs improve the effectiveness and sustainability of their work.Merck's experience designing and supporting the initiative can offer valuable lessons for other actors in the immunization and broader global health fields who are engaged in or planning similar work. Specifically, we identify seven forward-looking lessons that can increase the effectiveness and sustainability of programs to build the capacity of the vaccine workforce in developing countries:Conduct a rigorous needs assessment to anchor efforts in local needs and priorities;Perform ongoing monitoring and evaluation (M&E) to enable programs to adapt, improve, and generate evidence of impact to attract new partners and funding;Create a sustainability plan at the outset to ensure that program impact is maintained beyond the conclusion of initial funding;Embed programs into local health systems to ensure that investments leverage existing infrastructure, relationships, and resources, and that impact can be sustained beyond the life of the program;Employ locally-adapted curricula and appropriate teaching techniques to maximize transfer and retention of relevant knowledge;Incorporate supportive supervision into programs to ensure that transferred knowledge is maintained and acted upon;Facilitate and support regular convening and communication, enabling continuous learning for improvement.In addition to describing the approach taken by MVN-A and the results achieved in the four focus countries, this paper provides additional detail on each lesson, supported by case studies from the MVNA experience

TROPION-Lung08: phase III study of datopotamab deruxtecan plus pembrolizumab as first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC

Antibody–drug conjugate; Immuno-oncology; Non-small-cell lung cancerConjugado anticuerpo-fármaco; Inmuno-oncología; Cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñasConjugat anticòs-fàrmac; Immuno-oncologia; Càncer de pulmó de cèl·lules no petitesPembrolizumab monotherapy is a standard first-line treatment for PD-L1–high advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without actionable genomic alterations (AGA). However, few patients experience long-term disease control, highlighting the need for more effective therapies. Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd), a novel trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2-directed antibody–drug conjugate, showed encouraging safety and antitumor activity with pembrolizumab in advanced NSCLC. We describe the rationale and design of TROPION-Lung08, a phase III study evaluating safety and efficacy of first-line Dato-DXd plus pembrolizumab versus pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC without AGAs and with PD-L1 tumor proportion score ≥50%. Primary end points are progression-free survival and overall survival; secondary end points include objective response rate, duration of response, safety and presence of antidrug antibodies.This study is sponsored by Daiichi Sankyo, Inc. In July 2020, Daiichi Sankyo entered into a global development and commercialization collaboration agreement with AstraZeneca for datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd). Pembrolizumab is being provided under agreement by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD). BP Levy received consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Mirati, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche/Genentech. E Felip received consulting fees and/or honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BerGenBio, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Roche, GSK, Janssen, Medical Trends, Medscape, Merck Serono, MSD, Novartis, PeerVoice, Peptomyc, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda, and touchONCOLOGY and grant funding to her institution from Merck KGaA and Fundación Merck Salud. E Felip is an independent member of the Grífols Board of Directors. M Reck received consulting fees, honoraria, and support for attending meetings from Amgen, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, GSK, Mirati, Merck, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Roche, and Regeneron and served on data safety monitoring boards for Daiichi Sankyo and Sanofi. JCH Yang received consulting or advisory fees from Ono Pharmaceuticals and Pfizer, grant funding to his institution from AstraZeneca and advisory or consulting fees to his institution from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Gilead, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Merck KGaA, MSD, Novartis, Puma Technology, Roche/Genentech, Takeda and Yuhan Pharmaceuticals. F Cappuzzo received consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, PharmaMar, Roche, and Takeda. C Zhou received consulting fees and/or honoraria from Amoy Diagnostics, AnHeart Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, CStone Pharmaceuticals, Luye Pharma Group, Eli Lilly China, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals, Innovent Biologics, MSD, Qilu Pharmaceutical, Roche, Sanofi, and TopAlliance Biosciences. S Rawat is an employee of and owns stock and/or stock options in Daiichi Sankyo. P Basak and J Xie are employees of Daiichi Sankyo. L Xu was an employee at MSD at the time this study was designed and is a current employee of AstraZeneca. J Sands received consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Curadev, Daiichi Sankyo, Guardant Health, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Medtronic, PharmaMar, Sanofi, and Takeda and is the treasurer of the Rescue Lung Society. Y Yoneshima declares no potential conflicts. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed

Análise do período de floração e frutificação do banco ativo de germoplasma de jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus Staf ex Wardleworth).

O jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf ex wardleworth) pertence à família Rutaceae. Dentre as treze espécies que ocorrem no Brasil, Pilocarpus microphyllus é considerado o jaborandi verdadeiro por possuir maiores teores de pilocarpina em suas folhas e por isso é o mais intensamente coletado. Os dados de fenologia são de fundamental importância para que as coletas de amostras vegetais sejam feitas no momento correto para o estudo fitoquímico, visto que, o momento da coleta influencia na quantidade do princípio ativo encontrado em determinada parte da planta, com base nisso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o período de floração e frutificação de três acessos pertencentes ao Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Foram registrados diariamente no período de janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2012 os dados de floração e frutificação. Todos os dados coletados foram anotados em fichas de campo e tabulados em planilhas do Excel. Em relação a floração os acessos Merck cultivado á sombra e o acesso Bonal 3 cultivado a pleno sol floraram durante todo o período do ano. Enquanto que o acesso Carajás 2 cultivado a pleno sol florou em todos os meses do ano, exceto nos meses de setembro e dezembro. Quanto a frutificação o acesso Bonal 3 frutificou em todos os meses do ano, sendo registrado a maior média de número de dias nos meses de fevereiro, maio e setembro com 21 dias. O acesso Carajás 2 obteve a maior média no mês de maio com 21 dias e o acesso Merck no mês de setembro com 20 dias