Pısa 2009 Okuma Becerileri Açık Uçlu Sorularının Puanlanmasında Genellenebilirlik Kuramındaki Farklı Desenlerin Karşılaştırılması

n this study, different designs which were formed jointly and alternatively assesment of students by more than one rater in scoring of PISA 2009 reading open ended items were compared according to Generalizability Theory.886 students who answered reading items and scored by more than one rater were selected from 4996 students who participated PISA 2009. In the study, two different designs were formed and G and D studies were done according to Generalizability Theory.Bu araştırmada, PISA 2009 Okuma Becerileri performansını değerlendirmede kullanılan açık uçlu soruların, birden fazla puanlayıcı tarafından birlikte ve dönüşümlü olarak puanlanmasıyla elde edilen farklı desenler Genellenebilirlik Kuramına göre karşılaştırılmıştır.Bu çalışmanın örneklemini, PISA 2009 uygulamasına katılan 4996 öğrenciden, okuma becerileri alanında yer alan soruları yanıtlayan ve yanıtladıkları kitapçıklar birden fazla puanlayıcı tarafından puanlanan 886 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada, iki farklı senaryo üzerinden genellenebilirlik kuramında kullanılmak üzere iki desen tasarlanmıştı

The relationship between students’ use of ICT for social communication and their computer and information literacy

Abstract This study investigates the relationship between students’ use of information and communication technology (ICT) for social communication and their computer and information literacy (CIL) scores. It also examines whether gender and socioeconomic background moderates this relationship. We utilized student data from IEA’s International Computer and Information Study (ICILS) to build multivariate regression models for answering the research questions, and accounted for the complex sample structure of the data by using weights for all statistical analyses, employing jackknife repeated replication for variance estimation. Students who frequently use the internet for messaging and participation in social networks (i.e., at least once a week) scored on average 44 points higher than those who use ICT for the same purpose only less than once a week or never. The direction of this effect was the same in all 21 participating educational systems, the difference ranging from 19 to 75 points (always statistically significant). We continued the analysis by testing whether the relationship is moderated by gender; as girls use more often ICT for social communication and have higher CIL scores on average. After controlling for the gender effect the CIL scores between the two examined groups decreased only by 2 points on average. Even after including students’ socio-economic background into the model, the difference in CIL between the two groups of interest declined only little—to 32 points on average across all countries. The difference remained to be statistically significant in all countries but one. The results suggest a strong relationship between students’ CIL proficiency level and the frequency of their use of electronic devices for social communication; hence, respective skills needed at schools and later on at the workplace are reflected in their use outside of school and for socializing

Injection Neuropathies of the Sciatic Nerve: Experience of an Electrophysiology Laboratory and Medicolegal Approach in Turkey

Objective: The gluteal region is usually the preferred site for intramuscular injections. However, reported complications include pain, abscess formation, hematoma formation and peripheral nerve injury, most frequently sciatic nerve injury. Here, we aimed to analyze the demographical, clinical and electrophysiological features of patients with sciatic nerve injury following gluteal intramuscular injections and to summarize the legal procedure in Turkey

Adli Belge İncelemesinde Yazıcı Krampının Değerlendirilmesi

El yazısı ve imzalar üzerinde, değişiklik yaratan, çok sayıda faktör bulunmaktadır. Bunlar arasında, yazının yazıldığı vücut pozisyonu, yazı yazılan yüzey, yazı enstrümanı, yazı yazan kişinin o anki ruhsal durumu, kullanılan ilaçlar, alkol, uyutucu-uyuşturucu-uyarıcı maddeler, fiziksel-ruhsal hastalıklar ve yaşlanma sayılabilir. Yazıcı krampı, el yazısı ve imzalar üzerinde, önemli derecede değişiklik yaratabilen bir hastalık olmakla birlikte, yazı incelemelerinde sıklıkla göz ardı edilebilen bir hastalıktır. Bu hastalık, fokal distoniler içerisinde, üst ekstremiteleri en sık olarak tutan distoni tipi olup, el yazısını süratli ve ciddi bir biçimde değiştirmektedir. Çalışmamızda, yazıcı krampı bulunan 38 hastanın, el yazısı örnekleri adli tıbbi yönden değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, ön tanıları yazıcı krampı ya da yazıcı krampı + yazıcı tre- moru olan hastalar incelenmiştir. İncelenen 38 hastanın 5' i kadın olup, yaşları 24 ile 80 arasında değişmektedir. Hastaların, ortalama hastalık süreleri, 3.3 yıl olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan yazı incelemelerinde 20 hastanın, yazmaya normal başladığı, ancak birkaç cümle yazdıktan sonra yazının bozulduğu, 18 hastanın yazısının ise, yazmaya başlandığı ilk andan itibaren bozuk olduğu ve yazdıkça daha da bozulduğu, 6 hastanın yazısının ise püeril karekterde bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ele geçen bulgular, adli belge incelemesinin genel prensipleri yönünden değerlendirilmiş ve bu tip hastalıklarda, hatalı sonuçlara varılmasının önlenmesi yönünden yapılabilecekler ışığında tartışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yazıcı krampı, adli belge incelemesi, adli tıp, el yazıs

Benefits Of Caffeine: Birth Weigth Over 1250 g Infants With Respiratuar Distress

INTRODUCTION: Prophylactic caffeine therapy, reduces the frequency of apnea in premature babies. Moreover, its effect has been well established in reducing the intermittent hypoxemia, and the need for additional ventilator support of infants with a birthweight of <1.250 g. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of prophylactic caffeine use on neonatal outcomes in preterm babies with a birthweight of >1.250 g and respiratory distress. METHODS: Sixty-eight infants with birthweight of 1.250 to 2.000 g with respiratory distress and born at 32-34 GA and intubated with the indication of respiratory distress who also needed nasal ventilation for at least 48 hours were included in this prospective randomized controlled study, starting from birth one group received prophylactic caffeine citrate at loading dose of 20 mg/kg, and maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg in addition to respiratory support, long term neurological and developmental outcomes were recorded with Bayley-II. RESULTS: There was no difference in weight or gestational age at birth between the groups. Also, the groups were smilar in respiratory states. The caffeine group, was associated with a significant reduction in intubation requirement within the first 72 hr and shorter duration of mechanical and nasal ventilation, while there was no difference between the groups in total duration of oxygen therapy, and frequency of apneic episodes (respectively p=0.03, p=0.00, p=0.02, p>0.05). Any differences were not detected in terms of prematurity morbidities (p>0.05). Any significant intergroup differences were not detected as for PDA, NEC, IVC, laser-requiring ROP, and BPD (p>0.05). While the study was continuing regarding long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes Bayley neurodevelopmental tests were applied to 15 infants in the caffeine and 18 infants in the caffeine group at 12. and 18. months, and test results were csimilar in both groups (p>0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The prophylactic use of caffeine in older preterm babies with respiratory distress, have short term benefits as lesser requirement for ntubation within the first 72 hours and decreased duration of ventilatory support without any advers side effects. Therefore if symptoms of respiratory distress are seen in preterm babies with a birthweight of >1.250 g, then initiation of prophylactic treatment may be considered. Larger scale randomized kontrollü studies are needed regarding this issue