Profil Épidémiologique Des Pathologies Respiratoires Aux Services De Pneumologie De La Ville De Meknès (Maroc)

Introduction: Les pathologies respiratoires représentent l’une des causes majeures de morbidité et de mortalité. De ce fait, l’objectif majeur de la présente investigation est d’évaluer le profil épidémiologique des pathologies respiratoires des sujets hospitalisés aux services de pneumologie de Meknès (Maroc). Méthodes: Pour ce faire, une étude rétrospective et descriptive a été menée sur 2842 patients hospitalisés et traités aux services de pneumologie de l’hôpital Mohammed V et de Sidi Saïd, sur une période de cinq ans (1er janvier 2010 au 31 décembre 2014). Résultats: L’analyse des résultats a montré que les pathologies les plus répandues parmi les sujets hospitalisés ont été l’asthme (47,7 %), la tuberculose (17,48 %), les  pneumopathies (11,78 %) et la bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) (11,29 %). L’asthme était plus prononcé chez les femmes (58,36 %) (p < 0,001) alors que la tuberculose et la BPCO étaient plus fréquentes chez les hommes avec, respectivement, des taux de 56,44 % et de 89,1 % (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Les pathologies respiratoires représentent un véritable problème à la fois sanitaire et socio-économique pour les familles et les structures sanitaires de la ville de Meknès. Introduction: Respiratory pathologies represent one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the main objective of the present investigation is to evaluate the epidemiological profile of respiratory pathologies of subjects hospitalized at the pneumology department of Meknes (Morocco). Methods: For this purpose, a retrospective and descriptive study was carried out on 2842 patients hospitalized and treated at the Respiratory Departments of Mohammed V Hospital and Sidi Said, over a period of five years (January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014). Results:  the analysis of the results showed that the most common pathologies among the hospitalized subjects were asthma (47.7%), tuberculosis (17.48%), pneumopathy (11.78%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (11.29%). Asthma was more pronounced in women (58.36%) (p < 0.001) while tuberculosis and COPD were more common in men with rates of 56.44% and 89.1% (p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Respiratory diseases represent a real health and socio-economic problem for families and health facilities in Meknes, a city in Morocco

Profil Epidémiologique des Pathologies Respiratoires Chez les Enfants Hospitalisés aux Services de Pédiatrie de la Ville de Meknès (Maroc)

Background: Respiratory diseases are a common cause of consultation and hospitalization in the paediatric service. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the epidemiological profile of respiratory infections among children in Meknes city. Methods: Data from records of children with respiratory infections admitted to the pediatric services in Meknes (Mohammed V Public Hospital and Sidi Said Hospital) in Morocco over a five-year period were extracted. Our cross-sectional observational study concerned 4040 cases hospitalized from January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2014, among children aged 0 to 15 and living in Meknes. Results: Hospitalizations for acute bronchiolitis (p < 0.001), asthma exacerbations (p < 0.001), acute pneumonitis (P < 0.001), bronchitis (p < 0.001), and laryngitis (P < 0.001) were more common in male patients, while females were more affected by whooping cough. Hospitalizations for bronchiolitis were more frequent in the automn-winter season in infants (< 2 years). Conclusion: Respiratory diseases constitute a significant burden of childhood illnesses. In our study, hospitalizations for respiratory illness were largely dominated by acute bronchiolitis and asthma exacerbation. Children under 5 were the most represented and the majority of hospitalized patients for respiratory diseases were male. Acute bronchiolitis was more frequent in the autumn-winter period and mainly affected the infants.Introduction: Les pathologies respiratoires représentent un motif fréquent de consultation et d’hospitalisation au service de pédiatrie. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier le profil épidémiologique des affections respiratoires infantiles dans la ville de Meknès. Méthodes: Il s’agit d’une étude observationnelle transversale pourtant sur 4040 cas hospitalisés pour affectionsrespiratoires aux services de pédiatrie de la ville de Meknès(Hôpital public Mohammed V et Sidi Saïd) du premier janvier 2010 au 31 décembre 2014. Ont été inclus dans ce travail, les enfants âgés de 0 à 15 ans résidants à Meknès et ayant été hospitalisés aux services de pédiatrie pour affections respiratoires. Résultats: Les hospitalisations pour bronchiolite aiguë (p < 0,001), exacerbation d’asthme (p < 0,001), pneumopathie aiguë (p < 0,001), bronchite (p < 0,001) et laryngite (p < 0,001) étaient plus fréquentes chez les patients du sexe masculin, alors que le sexe féminin était plus touché par la coqueluche. Les hospitalisations pour bronchiolite étaient plus fréquentes en période automno-hivernale chez les nourrissons (< 2 ans). Conclusion: Les hospitalisations pour affections respiratoires ont été largement dominées par la bronchiolite aigue et l’exacerbation d’asthme. Les patients ayant moins de 5 ans ont été les plusreprésentés dans l’étude et la majorité des cas hospitalisés pour affections respiratoires étaient de sexe masculin. La bronchiolite aigue était plus fréquente en période automno-hivernale et touchait plus les nourrissons

Profil épidémiologique des maladies cardiovasculaires dans la Ville de Meknès (Maroc)

Introduction: In Morocco, very little published work has focused on cardiovascular diseases. As a result, the main objective of this research is to evaluate the epidemiological profile of cardiovascular diseases in patients who are hospitalized and treated in the cardiology department of Mohammed V Hospital, Meknes (Morocco). Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive and analytical study of 1112 patients admitted to this department over a fouryear period (from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2014). Results: 54.49 % of patients were women and the most affected age group was 45-64 years old (42.08 %) (p < 0.001). The most common pathologies among hospitalized patients were: ischemic heart disease which represented the first cause of hospitalization with 341 cases corresponding to 30.66 %, followed by heart failure (20.59 %). Ischemic heart disease was more common in men (p = 0.05) while women were more affected by high blood pressure (p = 0.0096), heart failure (p = 0.06) and venous thrombosis (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cardiovascular pathologies represent a real health and socio-economic problem for families and health facilities. The frequency and severity of these diseases should prompt us to do further research on this topic to find the most plausible solutions to reduce negative impacts

Utilisation Des Tubes A Diffusion Passive Pour La Surveillance De La Pollution Automobile Dans La Ville De Meknes

Road traffic emission is one of the major sources of air pollution which can cause several human health problems including cardiorespiratory diseases. The aim of our study is to monitor air quality in Meknes city (Morocco) by measuring nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and benzene (C6H6) concentration mainly generated by road traffic. To this end, we deployed passive diffusion tubes at 14 sampling sites during two measurement campaigns in the summer of 2014 and the winter of 2015 using car and underground proximity sites. In parallel with the winter measurement campaign, road traffic counting sessions were conducted on the main roads of the city in order to determine average daily traffic intensity. Results of this study show that the atmospheric concentrations of NO2 and C6H6 reach maximum values in the city center and decrease towards its periphery. The average value of NO2 in all targeted sites was around 32, 59 μg / m3, which is lower than the EU limit of 40 μg / m3. The average concentration of C6H6 in Meknes was equal to 1,77 μg / m3, a value close to the quality objective set by the European Union (2 μg / m3) and well below the annual Moroccan limit (10 μg / m3). The use of GIS (geographic information system) for coupling the results of measurement campaigns and those of traffic counting made it possible to determine the areas most affected by these tracers and thus to set up very high spatial resolution cartography

Profil Epidémiologique de l’Asthme et de la Bronchopneumopathie Chronique Obstructive au Centre Hospitalier Provincial de Sidi Saïd de Meknès, Maroc

Summary:Objective: The aim of this research is to study the epidemiological profile of hospitalisations for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the provincial hospital centre of Sidi Saïd. Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study of subjects hospitalised for asthma and COPD at the Sidi Saïd Hospital Centre over a period of 8 years (2005-2012). Results: COPD was more pronounced in males (93.05%), while asthma attacks were more frequent in females (52.86%). 93.04% of COPD cases were over 44 years of age and 65% of asthmatics were 45 years of age or older.  Both chronic respiratory affections were more prevalent during the autumn-winter period. Conclusion: Chronic respiratory diseases represent a real health and socio-economic problem for families and health care facilities. The frequency, evolution and severity of these diseases should prompt us to conduct further research on this subject in order to find the most plausible solutions to reduce the negative repercussions.Keys words: hospitalisations; respiratory diseases; COPD; asthma; MeknesRésumé:Objectif: Cette étude a pour but d’étudier le profil épidémiologique des hospitalisations pour asthme et pour bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) au centre hospitalier provincial de Sidi Saïd. Méthodes: Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective et descriptive portant sur les sujets hospitalisés pour asthme et pour BPCO au centre hospitalier de Sidi Saïd et s’étalant sur une période de 8 années (2005-2012). Résultats: la BPCO était plus prononcée chez les sujets de sexe masculin (93,05 %), alors que les crises d’asthme étaient plus fréquentes chez le sexe féminin  avec un taux noté de 52,86 %). 93,04 % des cas de BPCO avaient plus de 44 ans et 65 % des asthmatiques avaient 45 ans ou plus.  Les deux affections respiratoires chroniques étaient plus répandues durant la période automno-hivernale. Conclusion: Les pathologies respiratoires chroniques représentent un véritable problème à la fois sanitaire et socio-économique pour les familles et les structures sanitaires d’accueilles. La fréquence, l’évolution et la gravité de ces maladies doivent nous inciter à mener des recherches plus poussées à propos de ce sujet afin de trouver les solutions les plus plausibles pour réduire les répercussions négatives.

Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Morocco: Applying the Health Belief Model

To identify factors that influenced Moroccans’ intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine, a cross-sectional survey among a Moroccan sample was conducted based on Health Belief Model constructs. Participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, cues to action, and intention to receive vaccine data were collected and analyzed using a structural equation model (SEM). The survey was completed by 3800 individuals; 57.2% were men, 44.5% were aged 30 to 44, and 44.6% were married. After controlling for confounders, being a woman and having a chronic disease were associated with higher acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. The strongest predictor for the intention of receiving a vaccine was participants who were married. Most of the HBM constructs were shown to be significantly associated with vaccine acceptance. Susceptibility and Benefits were the strongest predictors of acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine (standardized path coefficient, SPC = 0.23), followed by Severity (SPC = 0.22). Conversely, given the negative correlation between barriers and intention (SPC = −0.08), it is necessary to maintain a high level of transparency regarding the vaccines’ safety. Our study provides guidance for an implementation of vaccination strategies, intending to bolster the overall COVID-19 immunization program

Evaluation De La Durabilité Des Exploitations Maraichères Urbaines De La Ville De Meknès (Maroc)

Résumé :Le maraîchage constitue un socle pour la sécurité alimentaire des ménages urbains et périurbains. Toutefois, ce maraîchage est soumis à l’utilisation des intrants chimiques, des variétés sélectionnées et des organismes génétiquement modifiés. Ces pratiques sont de plus en plus sujettes à controverse et sont susceptibles d’entacher la durabilité des exploitations maraîchères. La présente étude a évalué la durabilité de 120 exploitations maraîchères choisies de manière aléatoire et simple à l’aide de l’indicateur de la durabilité de la production maraîchère. Il ressort des résultats de cette étude que la plus grande partie des exploitations recensées se caractérisent par une faible durabilité dont le caractère limitant est la dimension agroécologique. Le perfectionnement des composantes « Diversité écologique », « Organisation spatiale », et « Pratiques agricoles » sont les voies d'amélioration de la durabilité globale de la production maraichère à Meknès (Maroc). La durabilité Socioterritoriale de la production est caractérisée par un déficit de formation des producteurs, un manque d'hygiène et de sécurité dans les activités de production et une faible contribution à l'emploi. La dimension économique est caractérisée par une faible viabilité, une faible transmissibilité économique, mais une indépendance et une autonomie financière. Afin de pérenniser le maraîchage au niveau de la ville de Meknès, il apparaît donc nécessaire de promouvoir l’intensification écologique, la diversification intégrée et la promotion des intrants locaux auprès des différents types d’exploitations maraichères.Mots clés : Meknes, durabilité, évaluation, production maraîchère, MarocSummary :The market gardening sector is currently developing a series of modern agricultural techniques including the use of pesticides, fertilizers, growth promoters, selected varieties and genetically modified organisms. These practices are becoming increasingly controversial. The evaluation of the sustainability of these practices has not yet been studied in the city of Meknes, in central Morocco. To address this issue, the sustainability of 120 randomly selected vegetable farms was assessed using the " Indicateur of Sustainability of Vegetable Production " (IPDM) tool. The results of this study show that the majority of the farms identified are characterized by low sustainability, with the agro-ecological dimension being the limiting factor. The improvement of the components "Ecological diversity", "Spatial organization", and "Agricultural practices" are the ways to improve the global sustainability of the vegetable production in Meknes. The socio-territorial sustainability of production is characterized by a lack of training for producers, a lack of hygiene and safety in production activities and a low contribution to employment. The economic dimension is characterized by a low viability, a low economic transmissibility, but an independence and a financial autonomy.Key words: Meknes, sustainability, evaluation, vegetable production, Morocc

Evaluation De La Perception De La Qualité De L’air Par La Population De La Ville De Meknès, Maroc

L'étude vise à évaluer la perception de la pollution de l’air par la population de la ville de Meknès. Les données ont été obtenues en distribuant un questionnaire aux résidents de la zone d'étude. Le résultat de l'analyse a montré que 62% des personnes interrogées ont affirmé que la pollution de l'air était le premier responsable de la dégradation de l’environnement, alors que la principale source de cette pollution était le trafic routier. Un tiers des interrogés affirme que la pollution de l’air a beaucoup de répercussions sur la santé et selon la population interrogée, le premier acteur qui doit intervenir dans la lutte contre la pollution de l’air est l’Etat et les individus sont placés en seconde position

Exposure to Air Pollution from Road Traffic and Incidence of Respiratory Diseases in the City of Meknes, Morocco

For monitoring spatio-temporal variations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) content, passive diffusive samplers have been deployed in 14 near-road and residential sites for 14 days. In parallel with the winter campaign to measure the NO2 tracer, road traffic counting sessions were carried out on the city’s main roads. The coupling of the results of the measurement campaigns and the counting sessions under Arcgis 9.3 made it possible to determine the areas most affected by automobile pollution and to carry out a high spatial resolution mapping of the pollutant prospected. The results of this study show that atmospheric NO2 concentrations reach maximum values in the city center and decrease towards its periphery. The analysis of the epidemiological situation of the principal diseases related to air pollution in the city of Meknes during the study period (2010–2014) showed that among subjects aged five years and older, acute respiratory diseases occurred more in women than men. The most affected age group was between 15 and 49 years, while asthma attacks were noted mainly among women aged 50 years and older. Acute respiratory illness and asthma attacks were prevalent in the winter and fall. Among children under five years of age, the age group most affected by pneumonia was those under 11 months. Our integrative approach combined spatialized GIS-based health indicators of these diseases, the location of stationary and mobile sources of air pollution, and measured NO2 levels. This combination has made it possible to detect that residents in areas with heavy road traffic are likely to be more affected than those in areas near industrial activity. The habitat type also contributes significantly to the development and exacerbation of the pathologies studied, especially in the districts of the old Medina

Exposure to Air Pollution from Road Traffic and Incidence of Respiratory Diseases in the City of Meknes, Morocco

For monitoring spatio-temporal variations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) content, passive diffusive samplers have been deployed in 14 near-road and residential sites for 14 days. In parallel with the winter campaign to measure the NO2 tracer, road traffic counting sessions were carried out on the city’s main roads. The coupling of the results of the measurement campaigns and the counting sessions under Arcgis 9.3 made it possible to determine the areas most affected by automobile pollution and to carry out a high spatial resolution mapping of the pollutant prospected. The results of this study show that atmospheric NO2 concentrations reach maximum values in the city center and decrease towards its periphery. The analysis of the epidemiological situation of the principal diseases related to air pollution in the city of Meknes during the study period (2010–2014) showed that among subjects aged five years and older, acute respiratory diseases occurred more in women than men. The most affected age group was between 15 and 49 years, while asthma attacks were noted mainly among women aged 50 years and older. Acute respiratory illness and asthma attacks were prevalent in the winter and fall. Among children under five years of age, the age group most affected by pneumonia was those under 11 months. Our integrative approach combined spatialized GIS-based health indicators of these diseases, the location of stationary and mobile sources of air pollution, and measured NO2 levels. This combination has made it possible to detect that residents in areas with heavy road traffic are likely to be more affected than those in areas near industrial activity. The habitat type also contributes significantly to the development and exacerbation of the pathologies studied, especially in the districts of the old Medina