35 research outputs found
âThere were cries of joy, some of sorrowâ: Canadian Jewish Soldiers and Early Encounters with Survivors
A close study of the early contacts between Canadian Jewish soldiers and survivors reveals many of the features largely associated only with the âliberationâ of the camps in 1945. Already in 1944, in France, Belgium and the Netherlands, Canadian soldiers had encountered evidence of the Holocaust, especially the stories of deportations, deprivation and loss told by Jews emerging from hiding. Many soldiers heard the stories, were deeply affected by them, and reached out to the survivors and wrote about their experiences to family members. Some accounts of these encounters appeared in the Canadian Jewish press. These accounts fed into a homefront discourse and strategy, encouraged by the Canadian Jewish Congress, which sought to demonstrate to both Jews and non-Jews the role of Canadian Jews in the war effort and the need to help European Jewry
Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity and community structure associated with cork oak in different landscapes
Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests play an important ecological and economic role. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) are key components for the sustainability and functioning of these ecosystems. The community structure and composition of ECMF associated with Q. suber in different landscapes of distinct Mediterranean bioclimate regions have not previously been compared. In this work, soil samples from cork oak forests residing in different bioclimates (arid, semi-arid, sub-humid, and humid) were collected and surveyed for ectomycorrhizal (ECM) root tips. A global analysis performed on 3565 ECM root tips revealed that the ECMF community is highly enriched in Russula, Tomentella, and Cenoccocum, which correspond to the ECMF genera that mainly contribute to community differences. The ECMF communities from the rainiest and the driest cork oak forests were distinct, with soils from the rainiest climates being more heterogeneous than those from the driest climates. The analyses of several abiotic factors on the ECMF communities revealed that bioclimate, precipitation, soil texture, and forest management strongly influenced ECMF structure. Shifts in ECMF with different hyphal exploration types were also detected among forests, with precipitation, forest system, and soil texture being the main drivers controlling their composition. Understanding the effects of environmental factors on the structuring of ECM communities could be the first step for promoting the sustainability of this threatened ecosystem.This work was supported by Fundacao Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT/MCTES/PIDDAC, Portugal), under the project (PEst-OE/BIA/UI4046/2014; UID/MULTI/04046/2013) and PhD grant to F.R. (SFRH/BD/86519/2012)
La nĂ©gociation de lâethnicitĂ©, du rĂ©gionalisme et de lâhistoriographie: Arthur A. Chiel et les Juifs du Manitoba: Une histoire sociale
In this paper, Richard Menkis analyzes the production and
reception of the earliest scholarly monograph in Canadian
Jewish history. By examining Chielâs intellectual formation,
Menkis suggests that in his early communal work Chiel
consciously chose a positive attitude which sought to combat
despair, and that he brought that sensibility to his historical
writing. Menkis also examines the context of the production of
the narrative, namely the re-conception of Manitoba as a polyethnic
society and the interest in ethnic histories at the
Manitoba Historical Society. One of the major emphases in the
Society was to show the âcontributionsâ of the ethnic
groups, which reinforced Chielâs inclination to ignore unhappy
subjects, such as antisemitism. Although Chiel studied a
number of factors in the development of the Jewish community,
he also reproduced some of the âblind-spotsâ of other histories,
especially the role of left-wing politics. Not surprisingly, he
was harshly criticized by those who had been excised from the
history. Chielâs work is thus also a product of a postwar climate
in which the government began to encourage the engagement of
ethnic groups with the society at large, but on certain conditions.Dans cet article, Richard Menkis analyse la production et
la réception de la monographie savante la plus ancienne de
lâhistoire des Juifs canadiens. En examinant la formation intellectuelle
de Chiel, Menkis suggĂšre que dans ses premiers travaux
communautaires Chiel a volontairement choisi dâadopter
une attitude positive qui cherchait Ă combattre le
dĂ©sespoir, et explique quâil a incorporĂ© cette sensibilitĂ© Ă ses
Ă©crits historiques. Menkis examine aussi le contexte de la
production de la narration, câest Ă dire la re-conception du
Manitoba comme sociĂ©tĂ© polyethnique et lâintĂ©rĂȘt dans les
histoires dans la SociĂ©tĂ© manitobaine de lâhistoire. Un des
éléments importants pour la Société était de mettre à jour les
âcontributionsâ des groupes ethniques, ce qui a renforcĂ© la
tendance de Chiel Ă ignorer des sujets malheureux, tels que
lâantisĂ©mitisme. Bien que Chiel ait Ă©tudiĂ© un nombre de
facteurs dans le développement de la communauté juive, il a
aussi reproduit certains des endroits oĂč dâautres rĂ©cits
historiques ne voyaient pas clair, surtout en ce qui concerne le
rĂŽle de la politique de gauche. Il nâest donc pas surprenant quâil
ait été sévÚrement critiqué par ceux qui avaient été retranchés
de lâhistoire. Ainsi, le travail de Chiel est aussi un produit du
climat de lâaprĂšs-guerre dans lequel le gouvernement a
commencĂ© Ă encourager lâengagement de groupes ethniques
avec la société en général, mais sous certaines conditions