Analysis of the C-E Translation Skills of Political Text Based on the Eco-Translatology

As China’s exchanges with other countries grow more frequent, and influence keeps increasing, many foreigners have an increasingly strong desire to know much more about China. In this context, political texts, as authoritative publicity materials, cover all aspects of Chinese society. They provide an authoritative source of information for foreigners to follow China’s development trend.Based on the Eco-Translatology theory, the author takes the 2021 Government Work Report as an example to explore the complex and changeable translational eco-environment of today’s political texts through a comparative analysis of the Chinese and English versions. It also talks about how translators of political text can convey the Chinese voices throughout the world and establish cultural confidence while maintaining the ecological balance between the original language and the target language.This paper mainly talks about the C-E translation of the 2021 GWR from the eco-environment of Eco-Translatology. The analysis part focuses on skills and strategies adopted in the translation of political texts from the perspectives of lexis, syntax and text, taking the 2021 Government Work Report as an example. The conclusion is a summary of translation strategies for C-E translation of political texts. It also lists the limitations of this paper and the prospects of the research

The interplay between selective attention and working memory: A behavioural, neural and computational perspective

Selective attention (SA), the process by which information is prioritized for processing according to its relevance to current goals, and working memory (WM), the temporary storage and/or manipulation of information in mind, are considered to be important building blocks in human cognition. Both are essential for coordinating thought and action, and both are foundational for the emergence of other more complex executive functions, like planning and problem solving. The complicated interplay between SA and WM has been investigated across a growing number of experimental studies, with attentional processes influencing various stages of WM, and vice versa. Behavioural evidence suggests that SA can bias processing of information as we anticipate, encode and maintain contents in memory, whilst WM can serve to maintain a template as we search. Neuroimaging studies have observed a highly similar frontoparietal network subserving both processes, indicating anatomical and functional overlap in their corresponding neural mechanisms. Nevertheless, despite substantial evidence for cognitive and neural overlap, almost everything we know about the relationship between SA and WM is derived using group-average performance. In reality, some individuals may rely on shared sub-processes to perform tasks more so than others. In this thesis we extended previous work by understanding this individual variability. The first experimental chapter describes the development of two behavioural paradigms tapping SA and WM. These paradigms are better suited to address this question, relative to previous experimental approaches, because they are matched on task-specific features while being independently scalable in terms of difficulty. The second experimental chapter used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in combination with these tasks to identify the neural correlates of individual differences in the strength of SA-WM coupling across participants. The third experimental chapter builds upon the neuroimaging study and addresses whether computational models trained to perform the same set of tasks share any mechanistic properties observed in the human brain, providing a useful framework in which predictions about the relationship between cognitive processes can be readily tested. Lastly, in the final experiment we used cognitive training to test whether altering SA would lead to changes in the related WM system, and whether these gains are modulated by baseline individual differences in the strength of their coupling. Together, along with an opening General Introduction and concluding Discussion, these chapters explore heterogeneity in the relationship between SA and WM from multiple perspectives, integrating advances in human cognition, neuroimaging and computational modelling.Cambridge Trust Chinese Scholarship Counci

NanoAPC deliver antigen, IL-2 and co-stimulatory molecules to antigen specific T cells and activate viral specific T cells in chronic infections

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The study of the immune system has provided insight in the mechanism of protection induced by vaccination; primarily that most clinically protective vaccines are potent in generating neutralizing antibody responses. However, vaccination fails to protect against a wide range of acquired chronic infections caused by viruses, such as HIV, HBV and HCV. One of the major reasons for weak responses to therapeutic vaccine is the impaired function of effector T cells resulting from viral persistence. Although IL-2 can potently increase effect function of viral specific T cells, systemic administration of IL-2 induces organ pathology and expansion of Treg cells. In this study, we have now developed a novel vaccine delivery system IL-2-nanoAPC delivering antigen-MHC complexes (pMHC), co-stimulatory molecules and IL-2 to antigen specific T cells. NanoAPC are derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes of human B cell line 721.221 engineered with selected HLA allele and IL-2 as the ER retention proteins. The IL-2-nanoAPC interacted with antigen specific T cells, induced immune synapses and expression of high affinity IL-2 receptor and enhanced effector function of antigen specific T cells, but did not affect bystander T cells and Foxp3+ Treg cells. Together with pMHC, co-stimulatory molecules, the selective delivery of IL-2 not only increased the CD4 and CD8 T cell responses to viral antigens but also enhanced TCR proximal signalling and suppressed expression of PD1 molecules on IFNγ producing effector CD8 T cells. We also found that the co-induction of T helper responses by IL-2-nanoAPC in a mixed culture could increase CD8 T cell responses to viral antigen. The IL-2-nanoAPC effectively induced responses of CD4 and CD8 T cells from chronic HBV patients. The results demonstrate that selective delivery of IL-2, together with pMHC and co-stimulatory molecules, by nanoAPC to antigen specific T cells has potential to recover anti-viral immune responses in chronic HBV patients

Dynamic analysis of a fractional-order SIRS model with time delay

Mathematical modeling plays a vital role in the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Policy makers can provide the effective interventions by the relevant results of the epidemic models. In this paper, we build a fractional-order SIRS epidemic model with time delay and logistic growth, and we discuss the dynamical behavior of the model, such as the local stability of the equilibria and the existence of Hopf bifurcation around the endemic equilibrium. We present the numerical simulations to verify the theoretical analysis

Leitura pública em Portugal e na China : o caso do Plano Nacional de Leitura

O Fórum Económico Mundial e o IMD-International Institute for Management Development, de Lausanne, classificam os indicadores de avaliação da competitividade internacional como: força da atividade económica doméstica, grau de internacionalização, papel do governo, ambiente financeiro, infraestrutura, gestão empresarial, pesquisa e desenvolvimento científico e nível de educação pública. Hoje em dia, com o rápido desenvolvimento da economia na China, a fim de aumentar a competitividade abrangente do país, o nível de educação pública, sem dúvida, será uma parte importante. E para melhorar o nível de educação pública, a leitura nacional é um fator muito considerável. Atualmente, apesar de o nível de leitura nacional chinesa ter melhorado, ainda existe distância com os países desenvolvidos, e o país enfrenta desafios novos sob o ambiente da era digital. Portugal, com o objetivo de aprofundar a literacia e alargar as práticas de leitura da sociedade, começou a executar o Plano Nacional de Leitura desde 2006. Sendo uma política cultural, o PNL prevê uma duração de dez anos e desdobra-se em duas de cinco anos cada. E já está na nova etapa para 2017-2027 agora. A execução do PNL obteve sucesso, produzindo resultados e impactos positivos na sociedade portuguesa. Este trabalho é uma análise comparativa entre a leitura nacional portuguesa e chinesa. Essencialmente, é uma avaliação relacionada com o Plano Nacional de Leitura de Portugal. O objetivo de estudo será explorar as causas pelas quais o plano obteve sucesso, concluindo com sugestões que o PNL apresenta à China, para que a leitura nacional chinesa possa desenvolver-se melhor no futuro.The World Economic Forum and Lausanne's IMD-International Institute for Management Development classify indicators for assessing international competitiveness as: strength of domestic economic activity, degree of internationalization, role of government, financial environment, infrastructure, business management, scientific research and development and level of public education. Nowadays, with the rapid development of the economy in China, in order to increase the country's comprehensive competitiveness, the level of public education will undoubtedly be an important part, and national reading is a very considerable factor to improve it. Today, although China's national reading level has improved, there is still a gap with developed countries, and the country faces new challenges under the environment of digital age. Portugal, with the aim of deepening literacy and broadening the reading practices of society, has started to implement the National Reading Plan—Plano Nacional de Leitura (PNL) since 2006. As a cultural policy, PNL foreseed a ten-year duration and was split into two phases of five years each. And it is already in the new stage for 2017- 2027 now. The execution of PNL was successful, producing positive results and impacts on Portuguese society. This work is an analysis between the Portuguese and Chinese national reading. Essentially, it is an assessment related to Portugal's National Reading Plan. The aim of this study will be to explore the reasons why the plan was successful, concluding with suggestions that PNL presents to China so that Chinese national reading can develop better in the future