Novi VP2/VP3 rekombinantni senekavirus A izoliran u sjevernoj Kini

Senecavirus A (SVA), previously called the Seneca Valley virus, is the only member of the genus Senecavirus within the family Picornaviridae. This virus was discovered as a serendipitous finding in 2002 and named Seneca Valley virus 001 (SVV-001). SVA is an emerging pathogen that can cause vesicular lesions and epidemic transient neonatal a sharp decline in swine. In this study, an SVA strain was isolated from a pig herd in Shandong Province in China and identified as SVA-CH-SDFX-2022. The full-length genome was 7282 nucleotides (nt) in length and contained a single open reading frame (ORF), excluding the poly (A) tails of the SVA isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate shares its genomic organization, resembling and sharing high nucleotide identities of 90.5% to 99.6%, with other previously reported SVA isolates. The strain was proved by in vitro characterization and the results demonstrate that the virus has robust growth ability in vitro. The recombination event of the SVA-CH-SDFX-2022 isolate was found and occurred between nts 1836 and 2710, which included the region of the VP2 (partial), and VP3 (partial) genes. It shows the importance of faster vaccine development and a better understanding of virus infection and spread because of increased infection rates and huge economic losses. This novel incursion has substantial implications for the regional control of vesicular transboundary diseases, and will be available for further study of the epidemiology of porcine SVA. Our findings provide useful data for studying SVA in pigs.Senekavirus A (SVA), prije nazivan virusom doline Seneca Valley, jedini je pripadnik roda senekavirusa u porodici Picornaviridae. Virus je slučajno otkriven 2002. i nazvan virusom doline Seneca 001 (SVV-001). SVA je novi patogen koji može uzrokovati vezikularne lezije i prolaznu epidemiju novorođene prasadi s naglim gubicima u proizvodnji. U ovom je istraživanju soj SVA izoliran u populaciji svinja iz provincije Shandong u Kini i identificiran kao SVA-CHSDFX-2022. Kompletni genom izolata SVA imao je 7282 nukleotida (nt) u dužini i sadržavao je jedan otvoreni okvir za očitavanje (ORF), bez poli-A repova. Filogenetska je analiza pokazala da izolat u velikoj mjeri sadržava genomsku organizaciju i nukleotidne identitete, od 90,5 % do 99,6 %, s drugim poznatim SVA izolatima. Karakterizacija virusa je pokazala da ima veliku sposobnost rasta in vitro. Pronađena je rekombinacija izolata SVA-CH-SDFX-između nukleotida 1836 i 2710 što je uključilo regiju gena VP2 (parcijalno) i gena VP3 (parcijalno). Zbog visoke stope infektivnosti i golemih ekonomskih gubitaka važan je brži razvoj cjepiva i bolje razumijevanje zaraze. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pružaju korisne podatke za proučavanje SVA virusa, posebno s obzirom na njegovu epidemiologiju u svinja i regionalnu prekograničnu kontrolu vezikularnih bolesti

Analiza genskih varijacija rekombinantnog soja dobivenog iz triju linija virusa-2 reproduktivnog i respiratornog sindroma svinja

Since the rise of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in China, gene mutations have frequently occurred. To understand the current prevalence and evolution of PRRSV in Shandong Province, 1,528 samples suspected of PRRSV were collected from local pig farms of different sizes. The complete genome sequence of the PRRSV strain SDLY-27 was determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The genomic sequence of SDLY-27 was 15,363 nucleotides (nt) in length, comparative analysis of the whole genome sequence suggested that the homology between SDLY 27 and 81 PRRSV strains from China and other countries in genbank was 61.9 ~ 96.4%. This study is the first to detect recombinants from multiple recombination events among the Lineage 8 (JXA1-like strains), Lineage 5 (RespPRRSV-MLV and VR2332 strains) and Sublineage 1.5 (NADC34-like strains) in Shandong, China, and provides new data for the epidemiological study of PRRSV in China. This study enriches the epidemiological data on PRRSV in Shandong Province, China. It provides an important reference for the development of new vaccines and for the prevention and control of PRRSV in China.Usporedno sa širenjem virusa reproduktivnog i respiratornog sindroma svinja (PRRSV) u Kini, sve su češće bile i njegove genske mutacije. Kako bi se ustanovila trenutačna prevalencija i evolucija PRRSV-a u pokrajini Shandong, s lokalnih farmi prikupljeno je 1528 uzoraka svinja različitih kategorija za koje je postojala sumnja na zarazu PRRSVom. Kompletan genomski slijed soja SDLY-27 PRRSV-a određen je tehnologijom sekvenciranja sljedeće generacije (NGS). Slijed je imao dužinu od 15 363 nukleotida (nt), a komparativna analiza cijeloga genomskog slijeda uputila je na to da je homolognost između sojeva SDLY 27 i 81 PRRSV-a iz Kine i uzoraka u banci gena iz drugih zemalja 61,9~96,4%. Ovo je prvo istraživanje koje je otkrilo rekombinantne sojeve iz višestrukih rekombinacija među linijama 8 (sojevi nalik na JXA1), 5 (sojevi RespPRRSV-MLV i VR2332) i podlinije 1,5 (sojevi nalik na NADC34) u Shandongu, Kina.Kao takvo, istraživanje pruža nove podatke o epidemiologiji PRRSV-a u Kini, posebno u pokrajini Shandong, a ujedno predstavlja i važnu referenciju za razvoj novih cjepiva te prevenciju i kontrolu bolesti uzrokovane navedenim virusom

NASH limits anti-tumour surveillance in immunotherapy-treated HCC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can have viral or non-viral causes1-5. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an important driver of HCC. Immunotherapy has been approved for treating HCC, but biomarker-based stratification of patients for optimal response to therapy is an unmet need6,7. Here we report the progressive accumulation of exhausted, unconventionally activated CD8+PD1+ T cells in NASH-affected livers. In preclinical models of NASH-induced HCC, therapeutic immunotherapy targeted at programmed death-1 (PD1) expanded activated CD8+PD1+ T cells within tumours but did not lead to tumour regression, which indicates that tumour immune surveillance was impaired. When given prophylactically, anti-PD1 treatment led to an increase in the incidence of NASH-HCC and in the number and size of tumour nodules, which correlated with increased hepatic CD8+PD1+CXCR6+, TOX+, and TNF+ T cells. The increase in HCC triggered by anti-PD1 treatment was prevented by depletion of CD8+ T cells or TNF neutralization, suggesting that CD8+ T cells help to induce NASH-HCC, rather than invigorating or executing immune surveillance. We found similar phenotypic and functional profiles in hepatic CD8+PD1+ T cells from humans with NAFLD or NASH. A meta-analysis of three randomized phase III clinical trials that tested inhibitors of PDL1 (programmed death-ligand 1) or PD1 in more than 1,600 patients with advanced HCC revealed that immune therapy did not improve survival in patients with non-viral HCC. In two additional cohorts, patients with NASH-driven HCC who received anti-PD1 or anti-PDL1 treatment showed reduced overall survival compared to patients with other aetiologies. Collectively, these data show that non-viral HCC, and particularly NASH-HCC, might be less responsive to immunotherapy, probably owing to NASH-related aberrant T cell activation causing tissue damage that leads to impaired immune surveillance. Our data provide a rationale for stratification of patients with HCC according to underlying aetiology in studies of immunotherapy as a primary or adjuvant treatment

SIW-Based Devices

With the development of microwave wireless communication technology, microwave passive frequency selectivity circuits are developing toward multi-function and miniaturization. Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) devices have good development prospects in miniaturization and integration. The research on devices based on SIW is lack unified theoretical combing. This chapter describes the novel circuits based on substrate-integrated waveguide, including filter, power divider, switch, phase shifter, diplexer, and crossover. This chapter describes the design methods and special properties of these circuits. The display of these circuits is expected to give some inspiration to your research

Fungal Elicitor MoHrip2 Induces Disease Resistance in Rice Leaves, Triggering Stress-Related Pathways.

MoHrip2 Magnaporthe oryzae hypersensitive protein 2 is an elicitor protein of rice blast fungus M. oryzae. Rice seedlings treated with MoHrip2 have shown an induced resistance to rice blast. To elucidate the mechanism underlying this MoHrip2 elicitation in rice, we used differential-display 2-D gel electrophoresis and qRT-PCR to assess the differential expression among the total proteins extracted from rice leaves at 24 h after treatment with MoHrip2 and buffer as a control. Among ~1000 protein spots detected on each gel, 10 proteins were newly induced, 4 were up-regulated, and 3 were down-regulated in MoHrip2-treated samples compared with the buffer control. Seventeen differentially expressed proteins were detected using MS/MS analysis and categorized into six groups according to their putative function: defense-related transcriptional factors, signal transduction-related proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, programmed cell death (PCD), defense-related proteins, and photosynthesis and energy-related proteins. The qPCR results (relative expression level of genes) further supported the differential expression of proteins in MoHrip2-treated rice leaves identified with 2D-gel, suggesting that MoHrip2 triggers an early defense response in rice leaves via stress-related pathways, and the results provide evidence for elicitor-induced resistance at the protein level

C3HC4-type RING finger protein NbZFP1 is involved in growth and fruit development in Nicotiana benthamiana.

C3HC4-type RING finger proteins constitute a large family in the plant kingdom and play important roles in various physiological processes of plant life. In this study, a C3HC4-type zinc finger gene was isolated from Nicotiana benthamiana. Sequence analysis indicated that the gene encodes a 24-kDa protein with 191 amino acids containing one typical C3HC4-type zinc finger domain; this gene was named NbZFP1. Transient expression of pGDG-NbZFP1 demonstrated that NbZFP1 was localized to the chloroplast, especially in the chloroplasts of cells surrounding leaf stomata. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) analysis indicated that silencing of NbZFP1 hampered fruit development, although the height of the plants was normal. An overexpression construct was then designed and transferred into Nicotiana benthamiana, and PCR and Southern blot showed that the NbZFP1 gene was successfully integrated into the Nicotiana benthamiana genome. The transgenic lines showed typical compactness, with a short internode length and sturdy stems. This is the first report describing the function of a C3HC4-type RING finger protein in tobacco

Puerarin suppresses the hepatic gluconeogenesis via activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in diabetic rats and HepG2 cells

Pueraria, a Chinese herbal medicine, plays an important role in many classic prescriptions for the treatment of diabetes. Puerarin is the main component of pueraria. The current in vivo and in vitro research mainly focus on exploring the potential mechanism of puerarin in inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis. The type 2 diabetic rats were established by a combination of small dosage of streptozotocin (STZ) injection with high-fat diet. After the administration of puerarin 4 weeks, the parameters of the glucose and lipid metabolism were determined. HepG2 cells were treated by palmitic acid (PA) to induce the insulin resistance in vitro model. After the treatment of puerarin, the glucose consumption and cell viability were examined. Then, the protein expression of PI3K, Akt, pAkt, pFOXO1, FOXO1, PEPCK and G6pase in liver tissue and HepG2 cells were evaluated by western blot. RT-PCR was used to measure the content of PEPCK, G6pase mRNA in liver tissue. The results showed that puerarin administration significantly decrease the level of FBG, HbA1C and triglycerides in diabetic rats. Mechanistic research showed that puerarin activating PI3K/Akt is puerarin-mediated beneficial effects and can be reversed by inhibitor of PI3K or Akt. In conclusion, puerarin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

Concentrated growth factor combined with iRoot BP Plus promotes inflamed pulp repair: an in vitro and in vivo study

Abstract Background Platelet concentrates combined with calcium silicate cements may promote reparative dentin formation. However, few studies have reported their effect on dental pulp inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of concentrated growth factor (CGF) combined with iRoot BP Plus on inflammatory human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in vitro and inflamed pulp in rats in vivo. Methods The proliferation of LPS-stimulated hDPSCs treated with 50% CGF with/without 25% iRoot BP Plus was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 on days 1, 4 and 7. The expression of genes associated with inflammation on day 1 and differentiation on day 14 was analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The exposed pulp of rat maxillary molars was injected with 10 mg/mL LPS and directly capped with CGF membrane with/without iRoot BP Plus extract for 1, 7 and 28 days. The teeth were subjected to histologic analyses and immunohistochemistry. Results The proliferation rates of the inflammatory hDPSCs after the combination treatment were significantly higher than those after the other treatments on days 4 and 7 (P < 0.05). IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were increased in inflammatory hDPSCs but decreased after treatment with CGF combined with iRoot BP Plus extract, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 showed the opposite expression patterns. Expression of the odontogenesis-related genes OCN, Runx2, and ALP was dramatically enhanced by combined treatment with CGF and iRoot BP Plus extract. In rat pulp, the average inflammation scores of the CGF and CGF-iRoot BP Plus groups significantly decreased in comparison with those of the LPS group (P < 0.05), and the CGF-iRoot BP Plus group had more reparative dentin than the CGF and BP groups. Immunohistochemical staining showed fewer M1 macrophages on day 1 and more M2 macrophages on day 7 in the CGF-iRoot BP Plus group than in the other groups. Conclusions The combination of CGF and iRoot BP Plus showed a synergistic effect on anti-inflammatory potential and promoted greater pulp healing than CGF or iRoot BP Plus alone