Indicadores de sustentabilidade e influência de sistemas agroflorestal e convencional sobre a qualidade do solo e do café arábica em Piumhi-MG

The objective of this work to compare the nutritional content of the soil of an area consisting of a AFS ( Agroforestry System) , which has the coffee as one of its main constituent elements , with an area with coffee in conventional monoculture and the comparison of the AFS soil nutrient levels before and three years after its implementation , as well as the selection and application of sustainability indicators to assess and contrast parameters related to soil quality and the coffee in both systems evaluated. Comparing soil analysis of samples taken from row and between row of conventional coffee and SAF, pH values, P, K, Ca, Mg and MO were more elevated in soil samples taken in between row of conventional coffee and in the AFS plant line at a depth of 0-20 cm. In the comparisons between analysis of the total area of the AFS withdrawn in the period prior to its implementation with current analyzes of rows and between rows of AFS, the levels of P, K and MO in the row proved to be 302%, 144.8% and 177 % higher, respectively, to those obtained before the implementation of the AFS, while between rows, these levels proved to be 165%, 135.8% and 151.5% higher. Ca and Mg showed a slight decrease, except for Mg on the row, which increased by 13%. When the application of sustainability indicators, the AFS presented better in relation to soil quality indicators. However, when compared with conventional tillage cultivation in monoculture, agronomic productivity criteria for AFS shown to be low.Objetivou-se com esse trabalho a comparação dos teores nutricionais dos solos de uma área constituída por um SAF (Sistema Agroflorestal), que tem o cafeeiro como um dos seus principais elementos constituinte, com os de uma área com o café em monocultivo convencional e a confrontação dos teores nutricionais do solo do SAF antes e três anos após sua implantação, bem como a seleção e aplicação de indicadores de sustentabilidade para avaliar e contrastar parâmetros relacionados à qualidade do solo e do cafeeiro nos dois sistemas avaliados. Na comparação entre análises de solo de amostras retiradas da linha e entrelinha do café convencional e do SAF, os valores de pH, P, K, Ca, Mg e MO apresentaram-se mais elevados nas amostras de solo retiradas na entrelinha do cafeeiro convencional e na linha de plantio do SAF, na profundidade de 0-20 cm. . Nas comparações entre análise da área total do SAF retirada em período anterior à sua implantação com análises atuais das linhas e entrelinhas do SAF, os teores de P, K e MO na linha de plantio mostraram-se 302%, 144,8% e 177% superiores, respectivamente, aos dos obtidos antes da implantação do SAF, enquanto que nas entrelinhas, esses teores mostraram-se 165%, 135,8% e 151,5% superiores. Os teores de Ca e Mg apresentaram uma leve redução, com exceção dos teores de Mg na linha, que apresentou elevação de 13%. Em relação à aplicação dos indicadores de sustentabilidade, o SAF apresentou-se melhor quanto aos indicadores de qualidade do solo. Entretanto, quando comparado com o monocultivo, os critérios agronômicos de produtividade para o SAF mostraram-se baixos

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data