Enhancer of the rudimentary gene homologue (ERH) expression pattern in sporadic human breast cancer and normal breast tissue

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The human gene <it>ERH </it>(Enhancer of the Rudimentary gene Homologue) has previously been identified by <it>in silico </it>analysis of four million ESTs as a gene differentially expressed in breast cancer. The biological function of ERH protein has not been fully elucidated, however functions in cell cycle progression, pyrimidine metabolism a possible interaction with p21(Cip1/Waf1) via the Ciz1 zinc finger protein have been suggested. The aim of the present study was a systematic characterization of <it>ERH </it>expression in human breast cancer in order to evaluate possible clinical applications of this molecule.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The expression pattern of <it>ERH </it>was analyzed using multiple tissue northern blots (MTN) on a panel of 16 normal human tissues and two sets of malignant/normal breast and ovarian tissue samples. <it>ERH </it>expression was further analyzed in breast cancer and normal breast tissues and in tumorigenic as well as non-tumorigenic breast cancer cell lines, using quantitative RT-PCR and non-radioisotopic <it>in situ </it>hybridization (ISH).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among normal human tissues, <it>ERH </it>expression was most abundant in testis, heart, ovary, prostate, and liver. In the two MTN sets of malignant/normal breast and ovarian tissue,<it>ERH </it>was clearly more abundantly expressed in all tumours than in normal tissue samples. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that <it>ERH </it>expression was significantly more abundant in tumorigenic than in non-tumorigenic breast cancer cell lines (4.5-fold; p = 0.05, two-tailed Mann-Whitney U-test); the same trend was noted in a set of 25 primary invasive breast cancers and 16 normal breast tissue samples (2.5-fold; p = 0.1). These findings were further confirmed by non-radioisotopic ISH in human breast cancer and normal breast tissue.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p><it>ERH </it>expression is clearly up-regulated in malignant as compared with benign breast cells both in primary human breast cancer and in cell models of breast cancer. Since similar results were obtained for ovarian cancer, ERH overexpression may be implicated in the initiation and/or progression of certain human malignancies. Further studies on large breast cancer tissue cohorts should determine whether ERH could function as a prognostic factor or even a drug target in the treatment of human breast cancer.</p

Ultrasound and MR-imaging in preoperative evaluation of two rare cases of scar endometriosis

Scar or incisional endometriosis is a rare, often misdiagnosed, pathologic condition of the abdominal wall. Two cases of incisional endometriosis are presented. Both patients presented with atypical cyclic pain and palpable nodules on scars of previous cesarean sections. In both cases, the mass was totally excised, after accurate preoperative evaluation with 2-D ultrasound, power Doppler and MRI. Microscopic examination confirmed the preoperatively presumed diagnosis of cutaneous endometriosis. In cases of suspected scar endometriosis, preoperative diagnostic imaging is valuable in determining the extent of disease, thus enhancing accurate and total excision

Практики формирования и позиционирования социопространственных инноваций города (на примере г. Томска)

Выпускная квалификационная работа рассматривает практики формирования и позиционирования социопространственных инноваций города. Проанализирован российский и зарубежный опыт использования инновационных ресурсов города и брендирования территорий. На основе исследования сформированы рекомендации для администрации города.The graduate qualification work is dedicated to the practice of forming and positioning the socio-spatial innovations of the city. The Russian and foreign experience of innovative resources of the city and territory branding were analyzed. Guidelines, based on research, have been formed for the city administration

Expression analysis of mammaglobin A (SCGB2A2) and lipophilin B (SCGB1D2) in more than 300 human tumors and matching normal tissues reveals their co-expression in gynecologic malignancies

BACKGROUND: Mammaglobin A (SCGB2A2) and lipophilin B (SCGB1D2), two members of the secretoglobin superfamily, are known to be co-expressed in breast cancer, where their proteins form a covalent complex. Based on the relatively high tissue-specific expression pattern, it has been proposed that the mammaglobin A protein and/or its complex with lipophilin B could be used in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. In view of these clinical implications, the aim of the present study was to analyze the expression of both genes in a large panel of human solid tumors (n = 309), corresponding normal tissues (n = 309) and cell lines (n = 11), in order to evaluate their tissue specific expression and co-expression pattern. METHODS: For gene and protein expression analyses, northern blot, dot blot hybridization of matched tumor/normal arrays (cancer profiling arrays), quantitative RT-PCR, non-radioisotopic RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used. RESULTS: Cancer profiling array data demonstrated that mammaglobin A and lipophilin B expression is not restricted to normal and malignant breast tissue. Both genes were abundantly expressed in tumors of the female genital tract, i.e. endometrial, ovarian and cervical cancer. In these four tissues the expression pattern of mammaglobin A and lipophilin B was highly concordant, with both genes being down-, up- or not regulated in the same tissue samples. In breast tissue, mammaglobin A expression was down-regulated in 49% and up-regulated in 12% of breast tumor specimens compared with matching normal tissues, while lipophilin B was down-regulated in 59% and up-regulated in 3% of cases. In endometrial tissue, expression of mammaglobin A and lipophilin B was clearly up-regulated in tumors (47% and 49% respectively). Both genes exhibited down-regulation in 22% of endometrial tumors. The only exceptions to this concordance of mammaglobin A/lipophilin B expression were normal and malignant tissues of prostate and kidney, where only lipophilin B was abundantly expressed and mammaglobin A was entirely absent. RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry confirmed expression of mammaglobin A on a cellular level in endometrial and cervical cancer and their corresponding normal tissues. CONCLUSION: Altogether, these data suggest that expression of mammaglobin A and lipophilin B might be controlled in different tissues by the same regulatory transcriptional mechanisms. Diagnostic assays based on mammaglobin A expression and/or the mammaglobin A/lipophilin B complex appear to be less specific for breast cancer, but with a broader spectrum of potential applications, which includes gynecologic malignancies

Cavernous Breast Hemangioma Mimicking an Invasive Lesion on Contrast-Enhanced MRI

Hemangiomas are vascular lesions, which are only rarely located in the breast. Larger breast hemangiomas may be detected by clinical examination, mammography, and breast ultrasound, whereas smaller lesions are usually incidental findings. We present a rare case of a 43-year-old woman with a cavernous hemangioma of the breast, presenting only on MRI and evading mammographic and ultrasonographic imaging. On breast MRI, a small lesion with irregular margins was detected in the right breast, and following gadolinium contrast medium administration, a type 3 curve, with rapid initial rise, followed by reduction in enhancement (washout) in the delayed phase was noted, raising suspicion for malignancy. The lesion could not be visualized on second-look targeted breast ultrasound and full-field digital mammography. A wide local excision was performed after 3 T MRI-guided hook wire localization and diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma was established histologically. Cavernous hemangioma is a rare breast lesion, with only few cases reported in the literature, and this is the first case with a presentation mimicking an invasive tumor on contrast-enhanced MRI

Enhancer of the rudimentary gene homologue () expression pattern in sporadic human breast cancer and normal breast tissue-5

Aining 11 tissues tested. The human transcript is approximately 1.2 kb in size.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Enhancer of the rudimentary gene homologue () expression pattern in sporadic human breast cancer and normal breast tissue"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/145</p><p>BMC Cancer 2008;8():145-145.</p><p>Published online 23 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2426700.</p><p></p

Sonographic vascularity indices' study in ectopic pregnancies, after methotrexate treatment

Objectives: Ectopic pregnancy is a crucial problem in Gynaecology. Previous studies concerning the medical treatment of ectopic pregnancies, have used only β-hCG (beta- human chorionic gonadotropin) values, to monitor the successful response to treatment. The current study was a PhD (Doctorate of Philosophy) thesis research, which has evaluated the vascularity indices’ changes. The values of vascularity indices could be used, in combination with β-hCG values and the gestational sac dimensions, in every medically treated ectopic pregnancy. The results could be used, for monitoring the course of all medically treated ectopic pregnancies. Study design: 72 women of reproductive age have taken part in the study. They have been admitted due to secondary amenorrhea, positive β-hCG test, with or without vaginal bleeding. The participants took part voluntarily and were allocated in two groups. The first group consisted of 37 women, who were possible normal or threatened intrauterine pregnancies (control group). The second group consisted of 35 women, whose sonographic findings suggested ectopic pregnancy, and qualified for methotrexate treatment (study group). Sonographic control and measurement of the vascularity indices (PI – RI) (Pulsatility index – Resistance index) of the ectopic pregnancy was conducted, in combination with β-hCG values for every admitted or outpatient woman.The dimensions of the gestational sac of both groups were measured during four consecutive periods of time. The control group has shown progressively increasing sac dimensions, whereas, in the study group sac dimensions were more stable or growing gradually smaller. The exception where those ectopic pregnancies that ruptured, which have also shown a gradual enlargement of the sac. Results: The endometrial thickness of the study group was gradually decreasing up to 76 % per day, and the more eminent, but not statistically significant decrease, was observed in the single dose regiment of methotrexate. Moreover, the quantitative PI and RI were evaluated, and the main finding was that there were no statistically significant decreases in any of the two groups. Concerning the study group, methotrexate treatment was successful, since there was a decrease of up to 80 %, whereas a clearly significant correlation was found between the β-hCG levels and the RI. Conclusion: The vascularity indices could be used safely, in combination with β-hCG levels and the decrease of the gestational sac dimensions, as criteria for the evaluation of response to medical treatment of ectopic pregnancies

Enhancer of the rudimentary gene homologue () expression pattern in sporadic human breast cancer and normal breast tissue-4

Serves as negative control for the specificity of the antisense probe. C, F, I: Hematoxylin-eosin staining of consecutive sections shown in ISH. mRNA was clearly detectable in epithelial cells from invasive breast cancer (D, G), while a less abundant ERH mRNA expression could be detected in epithelial cells of normal breast tissue (A).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Enhancer of the rudimentary gene homologue () expression pattern in sporadic human breast cancer and normal breast tissue"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/145</p><p>BMC Cancer 2008;8():145-145.</p><p>Published online 23 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2426700.</p><p></p