Estudo catalítico da polimerização oxidativa em sistemas alquídicos : utilização do modelo óleo de linhaça

As resinas alquídicas são amplamente empregadas na indústria de tintas. Estas resinas formam, através de um processo de polimerização oxidativa, películas protetoras. A polimerização oxidativa é uma sequência de reações complexas envolvendo a porção insaturada da cadeia existente neste tipo resina e o oxigênio do ar, podendo ser dividida em duas etapas: uma etapa de oxidação e uma de polimerização. Este processo pode ser catalisado por uma grande variedade de espécies metálicas (Co, Mn, Zn, Pb, Ca, Zr, AI, etc.) utilizadas na forma de sais metálicos como octoatos, naftenatos, etc. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a realização de um estudo comparativo entre os catalisadores octoato de cobalto, chumbo e zircônio, na reação de polimerização oxidativa através da utilização de óleo de linhaça, como modelo de sistemas alquídicos. Os resultados obtidos permitem destacar as seguintes conclusões: - existem teores adequados para a utilização desses catalisadores, que permitem que o processo de polimerização oxidativa ocorra de forma otimizada em termos cinéticos; - os catalisadores diferem na forma de atuação durante a polimerização oxidativa. O catalisador de cobalto atua, principalmente, sobre a etapa de oxidação. Os catalisadores de chumbo e zircônio atuam, principalmente, sobre a etapa de polimerização, porém possuem comportamento e eficiência significativamente diferentes; - nas condições de reação avaliadas o catalisador de zircônio apresentou eficiência superior ao catalisador de chumbo, podendo oferecer uma oportunidade de substituição ao chumbo, nas aplicações industriais de sistemas que curam por polimerização oxidativa, eliminando problemas toxicológicos oriundos da utilização desse último.The alkyd resins are extensively used in the coating industry. These resins form a protective coating through an oxidative polymerization processo The oxidative polymerization is a complex reaction sequence involving the unsatured portion of this kind of resin and the oxygen from the air. It can be divided in two steps: oxidation and polymerization. This process can be catalyzed by a great variety of metais (Co, Mn, Zn, Pb, Ca, Zr, AI, etc.) commonly in the form of metallic salts like octoates, naphtenates, etc. This study compares the role of the catalysts cobalt octoate, lead octoate and zirconium octoate in oxidative polymerization reaction, using the linseed oil as an alkyd system mode!. The results permit us the following conclusions: - there are well defined leveis for the use of these catalyst, which will guarantee that the oxidative polymerization process will occur in an optimized way where kinetic parameters are of concern; - the catalysts are distinct in the way they catalyze the oxidative polymerization. The cobalt catalyst acts, mainly, on the oxidation step of the processo Lead and zirconium catalysts act, mainly, on the polymerization step, but each has its own efficiency and behavior, which varies significantly among them; - under reaction conditions evaluateâ, the zirconium catalyst showed a higher efficiency when compared to the lead catalyst, which means that the substitution of the lead catalyst in the industrial application of the oxidative polymerization systems will present an opportunity for optimization, eliminating toxicological problems related to its utilization

Estudo catalítico da polimerização oxidativa em sistemas alquídicos : utilização do modelo óleo de linhaça

As resinas alquídicas são amplamente empregadas na indústria de tintas. Estas resinas formam, através de um processo de polimerização oxidativa, películas protetoras. A polimerização oxidativa é uma sequência de reações complexas envolvendo a porção insaturada da cadeia existente neste tipo resina e o oxigênio do ar, podendo ser dividida em duas etapas: uma etapa de oxidação e uma de polimerização. Este processo pode ser catalisado por uma grande variedade de espécies metálicas (Co, Mn, Zn, Pb, Ca, Zr, AI, etc.) utilizadas na forma de sais metálicos como octoatos, naftenatos, etc. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a realização de um estudo comparativo entre os catalisadores octoato de cobalto, chumbo e zircônio, na reação de polimerização oxidativa através da utilização de óleo de linhaça, como modelo de sistemas alquídicos. Os resultados obtidos permitem destacar as seguintes conclusões: - existem teores adequados para a utilização desses catalisadores, que permitem que o processo de polimerização oxidativa ocorra de forma otimizada em termos cinéticos; - os catalisadores diferem na forma de atuação durante a polimerização oxidativa. O catalisador de cobalto atua, principalmente, sobre a etapa de oxidação. Os catalisadores de chumbo e zircônio atuam, principalmente, sobre a etapa de polimerização, porém possuem comportamento e eficiência significativamente diferentes; - nas condições de reação avaliadas o catalisador de zircônio apresentou eficiência superior ao catalisador de chumbo, podendo oferecer uma oportunidade de substituição ao chumbo, nas aplicações industriais de sistemas que curam por polimerização oxidativa, eliminando problemas toxicológicos oriundos da utilização desse último.The alkyd resins are extensively used in the coating industry. These resins form a protective coating through an oxidative polymerization processo The oxidative polymerization is a complex reaction sequence involving the unsatured portion of this kind of resin and the oxygen from the air. It can be divided in two steps: oxidation and polymerization. This process can be catalyzed by a great variety of metais (Co, Mn, Zn, Pb, Ca, Zr, AI, etc.) commonly in the form of metallic salts like octoates, naphtenates, etc. This study compares the role of the catalysts cobalt octoate, lead octoate and zirconium octoate in oxidative polymerization reaction, using the linseed oil as an alkyd system mode!. The results permit us the following conclusions: - there are well defined leveis for the use of these catalyst, which will guarantee that the oxidative polymerization process will occur in an optimized way where kinetic parameters are of concern; - the catalysts are distinct in the way they catalyze the oxidative polymerization. The cobalt catalyst acts, mainly, on the oxidation step of the processo Lead and zirconium catalysts act, mainly, on the polymerization step, but each has its own efficiency and behavior, which varies significantly among them; - under reaction conditions evaluateâ, the zirconium catalyst showed a higher efficiency when compared to the lead catalyst, which means that the substitution of the lead catalyst in the industrial application of the oxidative polymerization systems will present an opportunity for optimization, eliminating toxicological problems related to its utilization

POLYMERISATION ET COPOLYMERISATION D'OLEFINES CATALYSEES PAR DES COMPLEXES DE METAUX DE TRANSITION AVEC DES LIGANDS CHELATANTS POLYAZOTES

STRASBOURG-Sc. et Techniques (674822102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Influence of Synthesis Methodology on the Properties and Catalytic Performance of Tin, Niobium, and Tin-Niobium Oxides in Fructose Conversion

Pure and mixed oxides were synthesized using three methods, namely, coprecipitation, hydrothermal treatment using CTAB and Pechini treatment using glycerol, and investigated for the transformation of fructose, aiming to determine the influence of textural, structural, and acid-base properties on conversion and selectivity. All systems led to fructose conversion in an aqueous medium, and the factors that influenced the transformation were the textural and structural properties, as well as the number of acid sites present in the catalysts. The best conversions were observed using mixed oxides, highlighting SnNb (CTAB) and SnNb (GLY), showing the importance of the modulation of properties using the synthesis method. All systems were selective mainly for 5-HMF (5-hydroxymethylfurfural) and, to a lesser extent, for the products of the retro-aldolic route, and this selectivity was preserved, regardless of the catalytic system used

Influence of Synthesis Methodology on the Properties and Catalytic Performance of Tin, Niobium, and Tin-Niobium Oxides in Fructose Conversion

Pure and mixed oxides were synthesized using three methods, namely, coprecipitation, hydrothermal treatment using CTAB and Pechini treatment using glycerol, and investigated for the transformation of fructose, aiming to determine the influence of textural, structural, and acid-base properties on conversion and selectivity. All systems led to fructose conversion in an aqueous medium, and the factors that influenced the transformation were the textural and structural properties, as well as the number of acid sites present in the catalysts. The best conversions were observed using mixed oxides, highlighting SnNb (CTAB) and SnNb (GLY), showing the importance of the modulation of properties using the synthesis method. All systems were selective mainly for 5-HMF (5-hydroxymethylfurfural) and, to a lesser extent, for the products of the retro-aldolic route, and this selectivity was preserved, regardless of the catalytic system used

Investigation of CeO₂, MoO_3, and Ce₂(MoO₄)_3, Synthesized by the Pechini Method, as Catalysts for Fructose Conversion

Cerium oxide (Ce100), molybdenum oxide (Mo100), and a material containing Ce and Mo (CeMo) were synthesized by the Pechini method, using glycerol as a polyol. These materials were applied for fructose conversion in an aqueous medium. The characterization results show the formation of cerium molybdate (Ce2(MoO4)3) for CeMo. Ce100 presented good thermal stability, and Mo100 sublimation of MoO3 and polymolybdates was verified. CeMo exhibited a mass loss of 19%, associated with the sublimation of MoO3 and polymolybdate species. Additionally, the existence of Bronsted and Lewis acid sites was confirmed, and the addition of Mo to Ce was an efficient strategy to increase the acidity. Regarding the catalytic activity (150 °C and 0.5 to 6 h), Ce100 exhibited low conversions and high selectivity to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). For Mo100, high conversions, with a significant formation of insoluble materials, were detected. For CeMo, beyond the high activity, a lower formation of insoluble materials was noted. In this case, selectivity toward products from the retro–aldolic route and 5-HMF were obtained. These results indicate that the main factor influencing fructose conversion is an adequate combination of the acid sites. Recycling experiments were carried out, and stability was observed for four cycles, confirming the robustness of this system